Art painting
Basic Description
Johannes Vermeer’s The Art of Painting is one of the artist’s most elaborate self-portrait paintings of the 17th century. The artwork is from the 17th Century Dutch painting movement, and it was created between 1665 and 67. The artist used oil painting on linen canvas with a thread count of 11.1*16.5 per cm2. Upon recent examinations, the date of the painting by the artist and his signature was discovered with inscriptions, “MDCLXVI (I I),” which translates to 1666. The dimensions of the painting are 120 * 100 cm, and it is housed at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna on a permanent basis since the mid-twentieth century.
Two subjects are seen in the painting, and it is a painter and his model- a woman. There are various “conspicuous” objects in the painting, including a golden chandelier, a map, and a tapestry. Both the artist and the model are elegantly dressed- the model dressed like Cleo- “the muse of history.” The artist is endowed in a black jacket, black slippers, white boot hose, and red hose (Wood, n.d.). It is widely assumed that the artist in the picture is Vermeer himself though it is difficult to be certain on the account that his face is not visible.
Image 1. Vermeer’s The Art of the Painting.
Symbolism in the Painting
Predicated on years of studying the painting, experts have identified symbolism in The Art of the Painting.
- The subject is depicted as Cleo, “the muse of history.”
This refers to the woman being painted by the artist. Evidence showing attributions to Cleo is expressed in the manner of the woman’s dressing. The woman is holding a trumpet, which is a typical depiction of fame, wearing a laurel wreath, and she has a book on her left hand representing historical knowledge. Vermeer’s inclusion of the muse of history as his centerpiece in the allegory alludes to “history” as an important aspect of visual artistry for Vermeer.
Image 2. The subject represented as Cleo- “the Muse of History.”
The inclusion of the double-headed eagle was a refreshing addition to the picture. He infuses the eagle in the golden chandelier prominently place at the top of the painting. The eagle represents Dutch royalty, more specifically, the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. Other experts have claimed that the eagle is makingattribution to Vermeer’s faith, Catholic.
Image 3. Double-headed eagle infused in the chandelier
- The Map in the Background
In the map, a rift between Netherlands’ north and south is represented, symbolizing the dichotomy of the Dutch Republic and the Habsburg. The Habsburg had a great sphere of influence in the south while the Dutch Republic controlled the north. ClaesJanszVissher is credited withdrawing the original map.
Image 4. A map showing the political divide in the Netherlands
- The mask
The mask is located on the table, left-adjacent to the artist. It is believed that the mask is a symbolic representation of the “mask of death,” which alludes to the shortcomings of the Habsburg monarchy. This is perhaps the reason it is placed strategically in correlation to the map that represents the Netherlands’ political divide of the time.
Image 5. The mask representing Habsburg monarch’s ineptitude in leadership
Color
The color was a prominent feature in Vermeer’s paintings, including The Art of the Painting. Vermeer had an affinity for natural colors, particularly bright colors like blue hue, which was forged from Lapis Lazuli mineral, and was quite expensive. It is a mystery how he was able to afford expensive color pigments throughout his professional career. He begins covering the canvas with light gray and uses white lines for his composition, followed by color strokes.
The use of natural color was important to the artist’s technique, where he specialized in capturing domestic interior scenes purporting ordinary life. Based on this fact, it was important for Vermeer to achieve an accurate representation of the subjects and objects. Notice the details throughout the painting where there was close attention to the objects’ symmetry, for example, the black and white tiles on the floor. The “generous” use of expensive colors in his portraits offers the viewer an “organic feel,” where the artist employs warm and bright colors.
Personal Significance of the Painting to Vermeer
The Art of the Painting had all the tenets of the Dutch Golden Age of painters, where “artist in his studio” became a popular technique after being coined by painters like Pieter Codde (Snyder et al., 7). Pieter Codde was famous for creating depictions of studio scenes where art enthusiasts were portrayed as contemplating and studying art and music. Drawing attention back to The Art of the Painting, it is evident that Vermeer was careful to perpetuate the themes of the “artist in his studio.” Some of the defining aspects of this style included in The Art of the Painting,like the subject, is holding both a musical instrument and a history book. The subject- the woman-has a contemplative facial expression typical of the “artist in-studio” technique (Wieseman 3). The inclusion of the map painting in the portrait was a clever one, which covers the subject’s interest in artwork as “demanded” by the technique. Vermeer’s decision to employ the “artist in-studio” technique in The Art of the Painting, which was typical of the Dutch Golden Age of painters, shows that it was important for him to be recognized as part of the movement. An interesting fact about the painting is that despite having hefty debts, which he leaves the burden of payment to his family following his death, Vermeer chose not to sell this piece. This fact has led to experts surmising that The Art of the Painting is perhaps the favorite of Vermeer’s paintings to the artist
Works Cited
Snyder, Laura J. Eye of the Beholder: Johannes Vermeer, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, and the Reinvention of Seeing. , 2015. Print.
Wieseman, Marjorie E. Vermeer, and Music: The Art of Love and Leisure. London: National Gallery Company, 2013. Print.
Wood, Alix. Johannes Vermeer. New York, NY: Rosen Publishing Group, 2013. Internet resource.
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