Sexual harassment of African American women

Sexual harassment of African American women on-screen depictions

Manatu, N. (2003). African American women and sexuality in the cinema. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland.

The study of the American women who are originally African is a significant matter to discuss how they are portrayed in the film. This article talks about sexual harassment of African American women on-screen depictions from the 1990s to the late 2000s. Those who criticize this act of negative sexual display of women said this could only be controlled only if filmmakers would overturn the way African American women are portrayed. The article explains the women’s roles, and their relationship with men, their verbal and nonverbal sexual character, and many others. The article explains that African American women have been discriminated in terms of images depicted in the films, their cultural roles based on the definition of feminine roles. This is not seen in other white American women who’s their role are not stipulated, but one does what feels good.

Smith, Brittany ( 2016 ). Gender Representation and Occupational Portrayals in Primetime Television, University of Arkansas, Ann Arbor, ProQuest.

This deals with the shows aired on the CBS, Fox, and NBS TV stations concentrating on gender issues and portrayal of genders and their correlation with social cognitive theory. Portrayals of women’s role in the film can significantly influence the way men and women are perceived by those who watch these films. Research shows that those women in the professional job are likely to stay single and if not that play the role of minor characters in these depictions. A gender portrayal tends to talk/discuss the issues of job, marriage, and family. It is said that those old TVs like CBS which displayed these films have a number of women working in professional jobs. This is the work where one could do a research project. Still, this article has made it easier for us because it explains the effect of gender portrayal, particularly on women representation. One of the authors of this article, Smith, analysis the professional and blue-collar jobs in these displays, with marriage being the catalyst to such roles and how society is affected by these presentations.

Pasztor, Sabrina, K. (2015).“The Gendered World of Work in TV Programming and the Media Industry.” Media Report to Women, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 12-20.

The article focuses on women’s portrayal in TV over a certain time. It shows that in the early 1970s, white women basically in the middle and upper class to be precise those working women represented in the film, most of them were single and searching for marriage partners. These women, also in the late 80s, were depicted in these films, usually working in lower-class positions. The third wave feminism emerged in the 90s, and a little light for them was seen. Most of the women across many spectrums were being represented in these films. Therefore the article is vital because it shows how the perception of the working women has changed due to outside forces in the society as well as the influence of the effects films and tv displays in society. However, the article lacks the position of older women being represented on the screen.

Collins, Rebecca L. (2011). “Content Analysis of Gender Roles in Media: Where are We Now and Where should we Go?” Sex Roles, vol. 64, no. 3-4, pp. 290-298.

The article contains gender roles in media research. The research done in this article explains how women are perceived as a sexual objects as well as being underrepresented in many media platforms. This does not classify which form of women but generalizes all of them and put them in the same category. It also gives details on how various media employ gender stereotypes. Women are the most affected because they are forced into these gender stereotypes roles mostly on the TVs, praying roles as children caretakers, and undermined jobs like secretaries. The article also focuses on the impact of media perception on society. It talks on how media concentrates less on lesbian and more on gay men. This article caught my attention because it analyzes the public perception of gender policies on media representation as well as underrating many women in those roles considered non-stereotyped.

Chira, Susan. (2017). “A New Rating for TV and Movies Tries to Combat Gender Stereotypes.” The New York Times.

This article talks of the recent TV rating made by a certain media to analyze the gender portrayals in media and television. This media focused on movies and tv to assess if the media go against gender stereotypes. This article is of interest because of giving information of the TV rating system that appreciates the act of representing gender positively. The rating also can help in the research to find information about the television shows.

Scovell, Nell. (2015). “The ‘Golden Age for Women in TV’ Is a Rerun.”The New York Times.

This article explains how women have been favored in the present days on TV. The article tries to relate the late 1980s where women on the TVs receive good treatment and today films where the same women have involved in TV shows award-winning, TV celebrities, and taking advantage in many TV functions that have perceived to overturn the tide to bring about the unbalanced representation of the gender. This source is valuable because it outdoes other articles that base their discussion on traditional representation of gender while it explains the elevated ranked positions in productions stormed by women. It also says that the only way to fight that of defying gender imbalance on TV is via persistence fight and condemning this act of production. The article also addresses modern television having a portrayal of women on TV and that discrimination of gender did not start today or yesterday but is ongoing stress that is poorly discussed in the media nowadays and in the past decades.

Craig, R. S. (1992). The effect of daypart on gender portrayals in television commercials: a content analysis. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 26 (5-6), 197-213.

The article analyses the gender portrayals in a network television commercial since 1990. The sample that was used to obtain information in this article was obtained from three time periods; evening prime time, daytime, and afternoon sportscasts during the weekend. The narrator concentrated on the products advertised, setting, and gender characters and their roles. The article dictates that the results indicate a remarkable stereotyping in which men were assigned roles of dominance and authority. The findings of earlier research ignored day parts differences, and I consider them to have either overestimated or underestimated various types of gender differences.I find this source of much importance because it surveys samples from different time spans.

Esherick, J. W. &Wasserstron, J. N. (1990, November) “Acting out democracy: political theater in modern China.” Journal of Asian Studies, 49, 835-865.

This is a scholarly journal that focuses on the uncommon interpretation of occurrences that were happening in Beijing since 1990. The journal was written by American Universityprofessors who had firsthand experience inchina.The research on this article was based on pictorial and written records of a series of events as well as personal observations. The main stated goal of the research was to come up with a framework [that will enable interpretation of political events in China in terms of gender differences and draw comparisons with similar encounters in Eastern Europe. The article concludes that the dominance of men in both regions dominated from ancient times and still remains the case. The information contained in this journal appears to be4 relevant and worth since it comes from knowledgeable and experienced professors and relates to my topic.
Murphy, Jocelyn Nichole,(2015).  “The role of women in film: Supporting the men — An analysis of how culture influences the changing discourse on gender representations in the film” Journalism Undergraduate Honors Theses.

Abstract:The article claims that women are underrepresented in films. It also claims that women were initially recognized as minorities and assumed minor roles to emphasize that they were being dominated by men.It also touches on the underrepresentation of racial minorities. The article serves to determine the nature of character representation in films and attempt t5o relate the results to the demographics of the potential audience viewing the films.It also attempt6s to examine how gender and racial portrayals have changed over the last twenty years.The depiction of women in social gender movement contexts for about twenty years ago will ensure a deeper understanding of the perception of different people concerning female characters and representations in numerous popular films.

Barr, Johanna (2017 )“Look who’s Still Talking the Most in Movies: White Men.” The New York Times.

This article points out that, even though most of the movies may have more women as major characters, their stereotyped or traditional roles are still limited. The results of the studies conducted by the author of this article indicate that despite the fact that women may dominate film scripts as the major characters, the male characters have more chances of speaking and making decisions on critical ideas. The article emphasizes that the roles of women mainly revolve around family values and tend to be emotional throughout any film.Although the article is not directly related to television,it highlights minority and gender representations disparities even though high profile representation was still rising. The article seems convincing and relates to my topic since it reveals the portrayal of women as well as the minority groups.

Thornham, S. (Ed.). (1999). Feminist Film Theory: A Reader. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press

The article focuses on the exploration of feminist roles in the film since 1970. It explores the psychoanalytical process that different viewers express when watching a film and particularly pays much attention to the behavior of men viewers. It argues that this process of analyzing the psychology of the viewers appeared complex at the start, but through experience and expertise, it became simple and produced much relevant feedback. I find this article important and related to my topic since it familiarizes me with several discussions that do happen in feminist film theory fields. It motivates me to look at the effectively at the films via the lens of feminist theory.

Nowell, R. (2011). “There is more than One Way to Lose Your Heart”: The American Film Industry, Early Teen Slasher Films, and Female Youth. Cinema Journal, 51(1), 115-140. (8)[doi: 10.1353/cj.2011.0073]

The author of this article is focused on the teen slasher movies and seeks to illustrate how the marketers and producers of the films targeted on the female gender.Nowell gathered information on this article from various sources, such as the study of the history of feminist film scholarships and analyzed several other films such as “Friday the 13^th. Halloween, and My Bloody Valentine.”  The focus of Nowell in all these studies was to explore the way women are represented and depicted in these films and the influence of these depictions on other women audiences who watch the films.I find this work essential in emphasizing how women’s films are perceived by people of a particular era who considered to possess ideal feminist traits.The article emphasizes that the films which are entirely dominated by female characters throughout seem to attract more of female audience or some males who possess feminine characteristics.It emphasizes that these films do not much move the real men who are known to possess men traits.

Conrad, D. (2011). Femmes Futures: One Hundred Years of Female Representation in SF Cinema. (12)[Science Fiction Film and Television, 4] (1), 79-99. doi: 10.3828/sfftv.2011.5

This work focuses on exploring ways in which women were being represented for the last ten century in science fiction films(SF). It explores all the aspects of women’s depiction and tends to analyze hosts of SF. Conrad touched on how females are utilized in marketing materials, choice of their clothing as well as a line of the delivery. This work presents a clear chronological progression with clear genre orientation, which seems to relate to my topic and will probably make it an excellent example of women’s portrayal in films.

Gilpatric, K.] (2010). (16)Violent Female Action Characters in Contemporary American Cinema.Sex Roles, 62(11/12), 734-46.doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9757-7

This is a quantitative piece of work that explores the depiction of action characters in cinema that happens to be female. Its main focus is on the type of relationship that is created between male characters and violent female characters who act in the same film.The author argues that the male characters can only tolerate a violent female character through their submission. Otherwise, the male characters will outdo them and pose severe punishments that may cause intense injuries or death to some extent.This work relates to my topic and will add a significantamount of quantitative substance since it contains several numerical analyses, which will add strength to the argumentsand make my work more concrete.

Perrin, A.G. (2012). Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner: The Web of Racial, Class, and Gender Constructions in late 1960s America. The Journal of Popular Culture, 45(4), 846-61

This source focuses on a concise and clear analysis of a film named “Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner.” The author analyzes how this film reflects the social climate of the United States of America since the 1960s. He pinpoints the idea of white womanhood in the culture of America and explores how this film failed to challenge this concept fully.The author links this film with the social and political context that was experienced in the 1960s and focused on important aspects like race and gender.This article will help me with the information about how feminine looked like some years back and compare them which the current generation of women.

Manatu, N. (2013). “The role of African American women in the cinema. Jefferson.” N.C: McFarland.

This work focuses on the sexual objectification of African women who live in America and appear in films from the 1980s to 2000. The article pays particular attention to the roles of female characters and their relationships with men in the films, verbal and nonverbal sexual behaviors, and their sexual attitudes. I find this work relevant since it relates to my topic and helps in determining the relationship between different genders as well as the perception of the audience towards the film.

Bazzini, D. G., McIntosh, W. D., Smith, S. M., Cook, S., & Harris, C. (2007). The aging woman in popular film: Underrepresented, unattractive, unfriendly, and unintelligent. Sex Roles, 36(7-8), 531-543.

This article bases its research on the view of more than one hundred movies, of which twenty of them were obtained from each decade.The movies viewed were those produced from the 1940s through 1980. They were selected randomly from the top twenty trending movies of every year.The author argues that younger women are recognized more than their older counterparts in films and are much honored.Despite being underrepresented in the films, the older women are associated with possessing characteristics which the author considers to be negative whenever they are represented.One of the key ideas that this work points out is that women are valued and recognized in films because of their youthful look and beauty.

Lauzen, M. M., & Dozier, D. M. (2005).Maintaining the double standard: Portrayals of age and gender in popular films. Sex Roles, 52(7-8), 437-446.

This article contains three investigations. The first one is the analysis of gender characters in more than one hundred films, followed by an analysis of biological sex of the audience who happens to be the decision-makers seated behind the camera or screen and lastly the prevalence of females work as writers,directors, and producers of the films. The author argues that female characters in the films are infrequent, whether behind the screen,on-screen or as protagonists who push the plot.This work relates to my topic, and the statistics of the studies that were conducted in this work will make my work much concrete.

Miller, B., and Lewallen, J. (2015).The effects of portrayals of gay men on homonegativity and the attribution of gender-based descriptors. Communication Studies, 66 (3), 358-377.

This source was focused on examining the effects that the gay male television portrayed and studied a sample of 107 participants who were college-aged.The results of the study depicted that the presence of any gay male character, regardless of whether he is a feminine or masculine, propelled homonegative opinions and attitudes about the gays.”While homophobia indicates fear or avoidance of gay men and lesbians, homonegativity describes the negative attitudes towards sexual minorities, attitudes that might be based on more than a simple fear of the unknown” (p. 362). This work strongly relates to my topic since it leads to a deeper understanding of the perception of the audience towards the gay characters.It creates awareness of the opinions and attitudes of the expected audience of my work.

 

Scott, A. O. (2012, March). Behind Every Harassed Child?A Whole Lot of Clueless Adults.The New York Times.Retrieved from com/2012/03/30/movies/bully-a-documentary-by-lee-hirsch.html”>https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/30/movies/bully-a-documentary-by-lee-hirsch.html (Links to an external site.)

This work represents a movie review. The author in the film discusses the reactions of the audience, the summary, and themes in the documentary Bully.The main themes in the film included suicide,homophobia,adult denial, and compassionate portrayals of the bullies and their victims as well.To a certain instant in the film, the bully forces individuals to confront specific children who have their problems and strengths cruelty.From the film,it is clear that the primary intent of such a film is to stir feelings instead of making arguments or constructing theories.

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

1. Barr, Johanna ( 2017 )“Look who’s Still Talking the Most in Movies: White Men.”The New York Times
2. Craig, R. S. (1992). The effect of daypart on gender portrayals in television commercials: a content analysis. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 26 (5-6), 197-213.
3. Esherick, J. W. &Wasserstron, J. N. (1990, November) “Acting out democracy: political theater in modern China.” Journal of Asian Studies, 49, 835-865
4. Murphy, Jocelyn Nichole, “The role of women in film: Supporting the men — An analysis of how culture influences the changing discourse on gender representations in the film” (2015). Journalism Undergraduate Honors Theses. 2. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jouruht/2
5. Thornham, S. (Ed.). (1999). Feminist Film Theory: A Reader. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
6. Nowell, R. (2011). “There is more than One Way to Lose Your Heart”: The American Film Industry, Early Teen Slasher Films, and Female Youth. Cinema Journal, 51(1), 115-140. (8)[doi: 10.1353/cj.2011.0073]
7. Conrad, D. (2011). Femmes Futures: One Hundred Years of Female Representation in SF Cinema. (12)[Science Fiction Film and Television, 4] (1), 79-99. doi: 10.3828/sfftv.2011.5
8. Gilpatric, K.] (2010). (16) Violent Female Action Characters in Contemporary American Cinema. Sex Roles, 62(11/12), 734-46. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9757-7
9. Perrin, A.G. (2012). Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner: The Web of Racial, Class, and Gender Constructions in late 1960s America. The Journal of Popular Culture, 45(4), 846-61
10. Manatu, N. (2003). African American women and sexuality in the cinema. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland.
11. Bazzini, D. G., McIntosh, W. D., Smith, S. M., Cook, S., & Harris, C. (2007). The aging woman in popular film: Underrepresented, unattractive, unfriendly, and unintelligent. Sex Roles, 36(7-8), 531-543.
12. Lauzen, M. M., & Dozier, D. M. (2005). Maintaining the double standard: Portrayals of age and gender in popular films. Sex Roles, 52(7-8), 437-446.
13. Miller, B., and Lewallen, J. (2015). The effects of portrayals of gay men on homonegativity and the attribution of gender-based descriptors. Communication Studies, 66 (3), 358-377.
14. Scott, A. O. (2012, March). Behind Every Harassed Child? A Whole Lot of Clueless Adults. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/30/movies/bully-a-documentary-by-lee-hirsch.html(Links to an external site.)
15. Smith, Brittany ( 2016 ). Gender Representation and Occupational Portrayals in Primetime Television, University of Arkansas, Ann Arbor, ProQuest.
16. Pasztor, Sabrina, K. (2015). “The Gendered World of Work in TV Programming and the Media Industry.” Media Report to Women, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 12-20.
17. Collins, Rebecca L. (2011). “Content Analysis of Gender Roles in Media: Where are We Now and Where should we Go?” Sex Roles, vol. 64, no. 3-4, pp. 290-298.
18. Chira, Susan. (2017). “A New Rating for TV and Movies Tries to Combat Gender Stereotypes.” The New York Times.
19. Scovell, Nell. (2015). “The ‘Golden Age for Women in TV’ Is Actually a Rerun.”The New York Times.
20. Manatu, N. (2013). “The role of African American women in the cinema. Jefferson.” N.C: McFarland.

 

Get professional assignment help cheaply

Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason may is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Our essay writers are graduates with diplomas, bachelor, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college diploma. When assigning your order, we match the paper subject with the area of specialization of the writer.

Why choose our academic writing service?

• Plagiarism free papers
• Timely delivery
• Any deadline
• Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
• Subject-relevant academic writer
• Adherence to paper instructions
• Ability to tackle bulk assignments
• Reasonable prices
• 24/7 Customer Support
• Get superb grades consistently

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

---

Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply

Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

• Plagiarism free papers
• Timely delivery
• Any deadline
• Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
• Subject-relevant academic writer
• Adherence to paper instructions
• Ability to tackle bulk assignments
• Reasonable prices
• 24/7 Customer Support
• Get superb grades consistently

 

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

• When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
• We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

• The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
• We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
• Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.

How our Assignment  Help Service Works

1.      Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2.      Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3.      Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4.      Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!

---