Introduction
Puritanism in the late 16th century was a religious movement that was found at the Church of England. Puritans believed, there existed a similarity between the roman catholic church and the church of England and campaigned for the removal of practices that did not find their roots in the Bible. The puritans claimed that God inspired their action of campaigning for reforms and that they had a covenant with God. Fearing for their lives made some of the groups to migrate to English colonies in the northern location. These migrations took place in the years the 1620s and 1630s where they led to the laying of the foundation for intellectuals, religious and new social order. Rather than the young, single men puritans sort to move their entire families.
Puritan life
New England came with a prolonged life expectancy compared to old England. The birth of children doubled the birth-rate in Virginia and Maryland. It was due to the prolonged life expectancy that New England was termed to be the inventor of grandparents as many people could grow old to see their children bear children. Moreover, the number of literate people in society rose as well. Despite giving them access to knowledge Massachusetts law, however, required tax for every school in all the communities that had not less than 50 families.
Bay colony of Massachusetts was typically a man’s world, and women were not allowed to take part in essential town meetings and were barred from church decision making. Male supremacy was preached and pioneered by puritan ministers in their church sermons and writings. Male superiority is further shown by how pregnant women were viewed as a woman pregnant with a boy would be healthy than a woman pregnant with a girl. Also, after looking at a census result of Massachusetts Bay, the names given to women showed how they were viewed in the society, such names included; Silence, Hopestill, comfort, patience, etc. Going to church was compulsory, and a fine was set for those who missed church regularly. Not only was the sermon used to preach the gospel but also it was an opportunity to address town problems. The seriousness of the church business was shown by where a man was seen to patrol the church with a more massive pole, on one end stitched with feathers to tickle older men who dozed off and the other end having a wooden knob to wake up children who fell asleep also.
Believing what they did as God’s will, the puritans did not show compromise and were seen to inflict harsh punishment on those falling astray from God. Furthermore, some cases of people of differing faith being hanged were reported in Boston Common. The laws were so harsh that even a child could be sentenced to death (Edmund, 206). Public whipping was very common, and the stockade forced the guilty to sit in an open spot where they would be humiliated by onlookers. Puritans believe in the old testament methods is what drove their lack of remorse in administering punishment.
Challenges faced moving to Massachusetts
In1620 the puritans arrived in New England, a welcome that was not welcoming due to the harsh weather which forced them to establish their settlement at Cape Cod rather than the planned Hudson River in New York. The puritans later settled at a town they called Boston where they formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Puritans new land was, however, a harbour for disease-causing germs that the puritans had never seen before. This was a significant setback as the puritans had not planned for such events. Moreover, the settlers build houses in swampy areas that lacked a clean source of water; this made many of the casualties of water poisoning. Their shallow wells were also contaminated by salt intrusion from the sea; hence many died of salt poisoning. Diseases such as typhoid spread quickly to the settlers due to lack of proper hygiene. The puritans had to cope with the cold weather with some of the catching diseases such as pneumonia associated with cold weather. Reports suggest that the weather was so severe that some puritans lost their feet.
Spending a lot of time digging for Gold rather than farming resulted in a drought crisis that was so bad that the settlers resorted to consuming whatever they found. This led to the consumption of cats, dogs, rats and in some instances, leather from belts and shoes. Consumption of foods with a high concentration of salts also weakened and killed many. Between killing frosts, puritans had only set five months to grow crops which weren’t easy since in some areas the land was stony. Dealing with the Native Americans was also a big problem as the settlers found some of them very unfriendly. Moreover, some colonists saw that engaging in manual labour was a way of abusing their dignity; thus, this compromised their settlement procedures due to the shortage of workforce.
Despite been shown compassion by the Indians in the supply of food, the settlers, however, began to demand more food. This action was not taken lightly by Powhatan Indians who later planned an attack on Jamestown, which was an effort to clear the settlers.
Overcoming challenges
Despite all, puritans had the fun of their own. This fun was exercised in activities such as ceremonies and planned festivals. People used to sing traditional songs and told stories that shaped the morals of young people. Also, the festivals and celebrations encouraged the puritans in their time of struggle. The puritans engaged in in-depth research to find ways that would boost their immune systems from the plague of diseases.
A generous supply of food to the settlers from the Indians served as a significant saviour as the puritans were able to survive winter. Due to the stormy weather during the arrival, the settlers’ ship was damaged. This, however, did not discourage them as they joined resources to repair the boat and continue with the journey. An attempt by the Indians to eliminate the settlers left 400 casualties. This, however, did not stop the immigrants from fighting back.
Conclusion
The settlers did not come prepared for the challenges they faced when they began settlement in Jamestown. Instead of finding ways to overcome these calamities, the colonists were busy digging for Gold until drought caught up with them. It is through the leadership of Captain John Smith, who used his leadership skills to organize and come up with ways that would promise the prosperity of his community. Puritans believed that being in a covenant with God was the only way to live a sin-free life.
References
The Puritan Dilemma: The story of John Winthrop Paperback – 2007 by Edmund S. Morgan
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