Plan of care-An essential tool for nurses

Plan of Care

A  plan of care is a valuable tool that helps nurses to offer holistic care to patients. The tool is comprehensive to address all the needs of the patients. The discussion seeks to provide a plan of care for cancer patients putting into consideration the patient’s diagnosis, healthy people 202 goals, and patients’ needs.

Cancer

Cancer is among the most severe chronic illnesses that re on the rise today. The prevalence of the disease is alarming and calls for proper treatment and management to improve the quality of life of patients. The illness affects both adults and children as well. In 2017, approximately 15,270 children and adolescents got diagnosed with cancer(Rapp, Tuminello, Alpert, Flores & Taioli, 2019). Moreover, cancer has equally life-threatening comorbidities. The participant the project focuses on is Mr T.M, who is 38-year-old and Hispanic. The patient had been recently diagnosed with lung cancer and was undergoing treatments.

Healthy People 2020 Goals Associated

The healthy people goals are critical as they provide a framework for proper management and prevention of chronic illnesses. Cancer is among the diseases outlined in the healthy people 2020 goals. The primary objective with regards to cancer is to improve the use of evidence-based practices in cancer treatments and management. One of the essential objectives is to reduce new cases of cancer, deaths, and disability associated(Weir, Thompson, Soman, Møller, Leadbetter, & White, 2015). The objective is important because it focuses on prevention rather than cure. The preventive measures help reduce the incidence and promote a healthy population.

Nursing Diagnoses

• The patient is psychologically disturbed by the new diagnosis
• The patient is worried and stressed over the recent passing of the wife
• The patient is concerned about providing for the two children given his disability caused by cancer and current financial status

Data Assessment

Objective data

• The patient has a stage 2 cancer
• The blood pressure is relatively high above normal

Subjective

• Pain
• The patient showed signs of psychological distress
• The patient is unable to cater to the needs of the family and perform daily life-sustaining activities
• There is no social support system

Interview Results and Analysis

The interview with the patient helped in digging deeper and determining the needs and care plan. One thing that stood out from the meeting is that the patient is psychologically in distress. It seems that things are happening at the same time. The patient recently lost the wife, and he has two little children who need constant care. The diagnosis came right after the wife’s death, and the patient had to quit work to focus on treatment and care for the children. There is need for the patient to seek therapy to help him process the loss of the wife and come to terms with the cancer diagnosis and loss of livelihood(Peh, Kua& Mahendran, 2015).

The surgery to remove the tumours was not entirely successful. The patient is thus in need of medical attention to help manage cancer. The patient mentioned making visits to the doctor to apply for different trails of cancer treatment. The pain was one of the problems mentioned by the patient. The patient needs comfort care to help alleviate the pain and make him comfortable as he takes care of himself and the two children.

Desired Outcomes

The desired outcomes for the patient according to the plan of care include:

1. The patient to be able to identify and express his feelings and emotions well clearly
2. To gain independence and self-reliance on performing life-sustaining activities and caring for the children
3. To become psychologically well and have less stress
4. To come to terms with the diagnosis and the loss of his wife
5. To adjust to the new lifestyle of patients living with cancer

Evaluation Criteria

The desired outcomes will bear fruit when the patient

1. Openly talk and ask for help with stress and psychological problems
2. Can perform life-sustaining activities such as playing with the children, cooking, and taking them to school
3. Experiences less stress and appear happy and joyful
4. Accept and talk about the passing of the wife
5. Accepts the diagnosis and takes steps towards managing cancer such as joining support groups(Peh, Kua& Mahendran, 2015).
6. Reduced pain

Actions and Interventions

1. Assessing the patient for the grief the patient is currently experiencing by providing an open and non-judgmental environment. The patient can talk about the loss, express his emotions, journal, and join a support group to help him find support from others like him
2. Encouraging verbalization of thoughts to assist the patient in expressing their concerns, ideas, accept emotions of anger, sadness, anger, loneliness, and frustration of having the cancer diagnosis(Peh, Kua& Mahendran, 2015).
3. Organizing hospital visits, phone support, to help the patient deal with feelings of isolation and loneliness (Mehmood, 2018)
4. Setting up the patients with necessary cancer community resources such as social support groups, financial resources, child support services, transportation resources, and educational programs(Cancercare, 2020).
5. Administering pain-relieving medication to help the patient manage the pain

Evaluation of Patient Outcomes

Assessment of patient outcomes is vital as it helps in adjusting to improve the care of the patient.  Evaluation strategies include:

• Determining the level of pain, the patient experiences
• Identifying the patient’s involvement during therapy(Mehmood, 2018)
• Measuring the patient’s growth with regards to talking about the diagnosis, the loss of the wife, and life situation in dealing with cancer
• Measuring the patient’s ability to ask for help and call for help when need be
• Checking whether the patient is making use of community resources such as social support groups and educational materials(Cancercare, 2020).

Strategies for Caregivers

Caregivers have an essential role in taking care of cancer patients. The caregiver will have to be aware of patients needs and the nursing care plan to help in holistically caring for the patient. Some of the essential things that the caregiver can do are to care for patients’ children well. Given the patient’s disabilities, caring for the children will ease the patients stress of worrying for the children. Encouraging the patient to talk and express his needs will assist the patient to speak, ask for help, and share his concerns(Mehmood, 2018). The strategies arise due to the current situation that the patient is undergoing as he adjusts in living with cancer. The support will help the patients learn how to cope and accept the diagnosis and the new way of life.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the patients’ needs inform the plan of care. The participant who took part in the study had a lot of psychological, social and emotional needs that the plan of care will address. The care will help in managing cancer and improve the quality of his

References

Cancercare. (2020). Cancer, Counseling, Support Groups, Financial Assistance. Retrieved 14

February 2020, from https://www.cancercare.org/services

Mehmood, T. (2018). Quality of life and psychosocial needs of metastatic breast cancer patients.

Annals Of Oncology, 29, ix19. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy428.016

Peh, C., Kua, E., & Mahendran, R. (2015). Hope, emotion regulation, and psychosocial well-being in patients newly diagnosed with cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(5), 1955-1962. doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-2989-x

Rapp, J., Tuminello, S., Alpert, N., Flores, R., & Taioli, E. (2019). Disparities in surgery for

early-stage cancer: the impact of refusal. Cancer Causes & Control, 30(12), 1389-1397.doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01240-9

Weir, H., Thompson, T., Soman, A., Møller, B., Leadbetter, S., & White, M. (2015). Meeting theHealthy People 2020 Objectives to Reduce Cancer Mortality. Preventing ChronicDisease, 12. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140482

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