Introduction
Nursing is the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of physically and mentally ill persons in society. The function of nurses is to care for the sick as well as to assess their response to medication and assisting patients to perform activities that contribute to their health or recovery (Sitterding, et al., (2012). However, in the recent past, nurses have been faced with several challenges that require some changes in order for them to perform their activities efficiently; thus, there is a need for change. Change in nursing is essential in terms of care delivery, technology advancement, as well as a change in patient expectations for easy delivery.
For several decades, the ratio of nurses to patients has been very poor, the unexpected shortage of medical practices has increased the urgency of more nurses in the health set up, a balanced nurse to patient ration can lead to many positive results(Spradley, 1980). When a nurse has a low patient load, they are likely to make a follow up on the patient, system assessment, administer all drugs and attend to patients needs easily, when there is a high patient load the nurse gives less attention to every patient due to fatigue.
Improvement in health care technology is another challenge facing nurses; thus, they need to be alert to keep up with the changes. Improvements such as electronic health records, remote monitoring devices, and high tech health simulators are becoming common in hospitals today.apps that alert nurses when a patient needs help or time for medication are increasing; thus, nurses need to learn about the new technology as soon as they come up.
According to Spradley’s change theory, it gives a chance for evaluation of the change process to ensure it is successful; it involves identifying the problem, analyzing solutions, selecting the change, implementing the change, evaluation, and stabilizing the change.To reduce the high nurse-patient ration the hospital management can create a formal staffing plan, this is a unit and shift specific schedule that supports standard care in each department by addressing the most common factors such as number of admitted, discharged patients and nurses expertise,and this helps to identify the problem and analyzing the best solution.
Importance of safe nurse to patient ratio
Ensuring a safe nurse to patient ratio is an important part of patient-centered care; thus consulting the staff nurses is very important because they understand the problems in the health institution. Limiting mandatory overtime will also help to increase the efficiency of nurses by implementing friendly working hours, adopting up to date technology helps to improve the workflow as much time is not wasted, Spradley’s theory helps to implement the change, evaluate the challenges faced by nurses and stabilize the change.
The formal staffing plan is very effected as it helps to keep track of the admitted patients to prevent overcrowding from reducing the nurse-patient ratio, keeping a record helps to utilize resources in the best way possible (Cutcliffe& Bassett, 1997). A nurse’s six more expertise is also evaluated in the formal staffing plan because the number of staff is less, and each is given a chance to be monitored at an individual level of competence. The change process may take a maximum of one year to be implemented, change is in avertable, and most people are resistant to change. Thus, it may take more time than expected through the process of problem identification, analyzing the solution, selecting the change, implementation, evaluation, and stabilizing.
The change in the number of nurses as compared to the patient will positively affect the nursing profession; high nurse staffing helps to reduce nurse fatigue, thus promoting increased safety as well as job satisfaction for the nurse’s regulated ratios allow nurses to give value-based care and good health. According to O’Connell, Macdonald, and Kelly (2008), patient mortality and number of mistakes that can be prevented, such as ulcers and healthcare-associated infections, are proven to decrease after an increase in a number of nurses, retention and recruitment rates also improve drastically with minimum staffing ratios.
Conclusion
This research identifies the need for change in the nursing profession to ensure quality service delivery to patients, the number of patients as compared to nurses has been very high in the recent past and this has affected the nursing profession by overworking, fatigue and long working hours.Spradley’s change theory is clear evidence that change is very important to ensure that the number of patients being admitted and those being discharged is identified to reduce the workload of nurses in hospitals. Change at some point faces resistance; therefore, prior planning for resistance is important through education, communication, participation, support, and negotiation with the employees. An increase in the number of employees has more positive impacts. However, there are a few negative impacts on increasing the number of nurses, such as funding for the nursing program that would need to be increased to cater to salaries and benefits. The patient also will have to wait for long for treatment, patients who need admission, even if a bed is available and there is not much activity the nurses will not see them due to the ratio required.
References
Cutcliffe, J. R., & Bassett, C. (1997). Introducing change in nursing: the case of research. Journal of Nursing Management, 5(4), 241-247.
O’Connell, B., Macdonald, K., & Kelly, C. (2008). Nursing handover: It’s time for a change. Contemporary Nurse, 30(1), 2-11.
Sitterding, M. C., Broome, M. E., Everett, L. Q., &Ebright, P. (2012). Understanding situation awareness in nursing work: A hybrid concept analysis. Advances in Nursing Science, 35(1), 77-92.
Spradley, B. W. (1980). Managing change creatively. The Journal of nursing administration, 10(5), 32-37.
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