Introduction
Human health and diseases distributed within a population are unequal. This unequal distribution is because of the differences in age and demography among different countries. Some diseases are more common among one group than the other or more prevalent in a particular country than the other. Descriptive categorize occurrence of a disease based on a place, time and the variables of the person (race, age, sex, socioeconomic status) who is affected. It has contributed immensely to disease prevention, ways of prevention and additional research. It is a source of valuable information setting the stage for more research into questions raised. This research will be based on observed trends and planning of needed services. Descriptive epidemiologic studies main objective is to answer the three “Ws” of community and public health. Who was affected? Where did it take place? When did it take place? This study has been applied in public health as a means to evaluate trends in health and diseases by monitoring known diseases and identifying any emerging problems. It has also been used as a basis to plan, provide and evaluate health services. Lastly, it has been used as a source of information to identify issues to be studied and areas that may be important for the research.
Human beings are always at risk of being sick, and there are factors that, in one way or another increases the chance of an individual getting a disease. These risk factors are categorized into tow; modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable factors involve factors that an individual has control over and can do something about it(Ballard & Zarate, 2018). Smoking, being overweight, physical inactivity is examples of modifiable risk factors. The effects of these risk factors can be changed if you make lifestyle changes. Non-modifiable factors on the hand are risk factors which you cannot change. These risk factors, however, can be controlled and its effects reduced by changing your lifestyle. These factors are family history, ethnic background and age. For example, overweight as a risk factor, is a lifestyle habit that is passed from a family generation to the other.
Multicausation Disease Model
Multicausation Disease Model is a health model that explains the concept of many factors causing disease. For example, heart disease has no single risk factor that can cause it. It is a disease that is highly likely to affect older individuals, smokers, inactive population and overweight(Masood & Regan, 2018). This disease model comprises both the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. According to multicausation disease model, health education is key to risk reduction and prevention of diseases if a program can be created to help people control these risk factors.
Task 2
I agree that the earlier people keep track of what diseases and condition runs in the family they can take steps from preventing it from happening to them. Most people believe that a healthy diet, being active, not smoking or drinking alcohol are the only things that can reduce our risk of diseases. However, family history is the biggest influencer on our risk of developing diseases like heart disease, diabetes or even cancer(Pinger & Seabert, 2016). We cannot change our genetic makeup, but by knowing our family health history, it can help us reduce the risk of developing health problems. This is because we share genes, environment, habits as well as lifestyle. We all can recognize traits such as dimples or even athletic ability.
I agree that even though descriptive epidemiologic studies pinpoint things such as age, sex, race, marital status, and occupation, it cannot identify the cause of an outbreak on their own. This is because it is based on solitary patient or a few cases and therefore, its conclusion may not be representative, and hence unreliable. In the health system, results of research and its validity depends highly on whether the sample is representative and accurate or not(Vinson&Kerner, 2017). If data obtained is not accurate in a study, for example, that involved participants being asked of illegal or unacceptable behaviour, then those data results are unlikely to be unreliable.
Conclusion
As human beings, we are at risk of contracting many diseases. To safeguard ourselves against this, we are required to take preventive health actions to keep ourselves healthy at all times. Some of these actions include good nutrition, regular exercise and constant health checkups. Takin time to know our family history based on health is the most important in taking steps in reducing diseases risks.
References
Ballard, E. D., & Zarate Jr, C. A. (2018). Preventing suicide: A multicausal model requires multimodal research and intervention. Bipolar disorders, 20(6), 558.
Masood, S., Kothari, A., & Regan, S. (2018). Comparing views about evidence in Ontario public health units: a qualitative descriptive study. Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice, 14(4), 613-640.
Pinger, R. R., & Seabert, D. (2016). An introduction to community & public health. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Vinson, C. A., Stamatakis, K. A., & Kerner, J. F. (2017). Dissemination and implementation research in community and public health settings. Dissemination and implementation research in health, 355-70.
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