Introduction
Lung cancer is a disease that affects the lungs by making them divide uncontrollably hence causing the growth of a tumor that makes a person have difficulties while breathing. According to Antonia et al. (1919), chances of identifying lung cancer at early stages are quite challenging because its symptoms are similar to the respiratory disease. Still, incase its noticed in its early stages, then that helps in finding treatment and possibly be cured. The purpose of this case study is to extensively understand lung cancer by learning about its definition, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and its possible treatments and, finally, the latest discovered forms of treatment.
The two mains types of lung cancer are small cell and non- small cell lung cancer based on whatever the cancer cells look like under a microscope. Different researches have come up with various notable signs and symptoms; chest pains while breathing, loss of appetite, weight loss, persistent cough, feeling weak, regular pneumonia, raspy voice, whistling sound while breathing and nervous system breakdown. However, from Gandhi et al. (2085), one can get lung cancer through the following; tobacco smoking, gene changes, passive smoking, and air pollution. There are wide ranges of diagnostic procedures used to diagnose lung cancer, namely, conducting a biopsy through surgery or use of a needle, doing blood tests, reviewing the history of the patient, and conduct chest x- rays followed by a CT- scan. The following treatment plans have managed overtime lung cancer treatment;
- Radiotherapy uses radiation pulses to damage cancer cells. In situations of where one is no healthy enough to undergo surgery, radial radiotherapy can be an option of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer whereas stereotactic radiotherapy can is used to treat small tumors
- Chemotherapy uses a dominant type of medicine that kills cancer cells. For example, they can be administered before surgery to contract cancer, given immediately after surgery to prevent the disease from growing again, also relieves the signs and slows its spreading, and finally, it’s combined with radiotherapy for treatment.
- Immunotherapy is used to stimulates the person’s immune system by use of a group of medicines (pembrolizumab). These targets kill the cancer cells, i.e., a dosage is taken for 30minutes for a period of three weeks, and if one can manage its side effects hen, it can be taken up to 2 years (Antonia et al. 1921).
Considering that lung cancer has been among the group killer disease all over the world, and therefore specialists have continuously been researching better ways and methods of treatment possibly up to stage IV of lung cancer. The following are some of the improvement in lung cancer treatment procedures;
- Metastases – it is the transferring of the cancer tumor to other body organs. i.e., treatment of oligometastatic disease has been a recent area of interest since its actively treated with ablative radiotherapy. Researchers have proved that estimated that there one-year survival for people with stage IV lung cancer.
- Thoracic surgery – it is usually known for the treatment for lung cancer at its early. According to Gandhi et al. (2078), overtime, a modern surgical technique has been developed, i.e., the less invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, which are actively changing the boundaries of medical fitness. Mortality and long term survival following the video-assisted thoracoscopic have proved to be much better than open surgery.
- Staging –It is very crucial to accurately and appropriately step the cancer patients as this contributes to better treatment plans and prognosis insight of the 8th edition of the international association of the study of lung cancer staging projects.
By reading through my case on lung cancer, maters prepared nurses can equip themselves with a lot of useful information;
- They will get to understand what lung cancer is, the signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and lastly, the best treatment measures to adopt for their patients.
- They can still use the Information in the case study to deduce a patient discussion by getting to understand the type of lung cancer their patients have and the accurate treatment plan to use.
The essential Information I have discussed over my case study is the latest measures of a treatment since they give hope to the patients whose cancer levels are beyond regular treatment plans. Additionally, it’s quite surprising how lung cancer can be hereditary, considering one’s offspring has a different genetic combination and is living under different environmental conditions. And lastly, there is safety measure lung cancer cured patient should adopt, staying in a well-ventilated area to avoid any difficulties in breathing, preventing any pollution, and ignoring any confrontation to strenuous activities.
In conclusion, lung cancer is a very deadly disease, and if not noticed in the early stages, it might not be cured. Living with the disease can be very difficult because it’s tough to cope up with the emotional and social stress impacts. Therefore patients are advised to find support from families as well as support groups to help them fight on with life. I also would recommend the government to arrange for lung cancer awareness program to enlighten the citizens on preventive measures to avoid illness or even deaths from the same.
Works Cited
Antonia, Scott J., et al. “Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer.” New England Journal of Medicine 377.20 (2017): 1919-1929.
Gandhi, Leena, et al. “Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer.” New England journal of medicine 378.22 (2018): 2078-2092.
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