Abstract
Internet governance serves as an excellent opportunity to monitor how people use the internet and identify some of the common challenges that they face. It encompasses all processes that affect the management of the internet. The internet refers to a global system of interlinked computer networks that utilize protocols to connect devices worldwide. Internet protocols play a vital role in unifying the world through the facilitation of communication and the passage of information, thus fostering commercialization and globalization. The paper intends to examine the implications of internet governance in the global society while pointing out some of the significant threats that it faces. Similarly, there is an urgent need to identify major steps of minimizing these threats and improving the effectiveness of internet governance. Some of the crucial social and political threats that internet governance encounters in global society are cybersecurity, the internet of things, net neutrality, and digital authoritarianism. Even though the rapid growth of internet use has made it difficult for various actors to formulate strategic laws and regulations, many users across the world have continued to enjoy their rights to free access to the internet.
Internet Governance
Internet governance is the process of formulating policies, rules, practices, and standards that shape and coordinate the global cyberspace. The world operates in an electronic medium with connections of computer networks that facilitate online communication. The existence of the internet has made work easier, enabling people from different regions across the globe to interact and exchange ideas. For instance, the cyberspace has promoted global sports, businesses, cross-cultural marriages, among other social interactions in society. Through online platforms or the cyberspace, organizations have managed to encourage workplace diversity by recruiting and selecting workers from different countries across the world and allowing them to do online jobs in their respective locations. The internet is a global system of interlinked computer networks that utilize the suite of internet protocols to connect devices worldwide. Similarly, it involves a vast system of self-managed networks that are merged by internationally standardized data protocols for communication. Such protocols may include the border gateway protocol (BGP), the domain name system (DNS), the internet protocol (IP), the user datagram protocol (UDP), and the transmission control protocol (TCP). The common use and adoption of these protocols have played a vital role in unifying the world through the facilitation of communication and the passage of information from one point to another. Massive amounts of data and digital devices, electronic services, and software applications have become not only interoperable but also compatible. The internet has created a new and more convenient environment where people from various regions across the world can interact.
Even though internet connectivity has made the world a better place by generating new innovative services, capabilities, as well as unprecedented methods of cooperation and sharing, it has also led to the emergence of critical societal issues that have slowed down development. Some of these issues include the rise of crime, abuse, and social conflict. As a result of these issues, there has been an urgent need to emphasize the principles of internet use while tightening the rules and policies in internet governance. Equally,the regulation of internet use has become essential in cyberspace to resolve emerging conflicts and promote order in society. However, it has become more challenging to govern the internet after commercialization and globalization of the internet increased, calling for more strategic governance mechanisms.Internet governance is a term that has emerged after its connection with internet governance identifiers like IP addresses, which resulted in the creation of ICAAN (internet corporation for assigned numbers and names). Since then, the internet governance implications, including social, economic, political, and military implications have expanded broadly, leading to the emergence of other policy areas. Even though internet connectivity has demonstrated its ability to link people in the world, it is necessary to examine some of the significant policy topics that relate to its governance to identify the cause of societal cyberspace problems and effective ways of addressing them. These topics incude cybersecurity, free expression online, internet of things, net neutrality, and digital authoritarianism
The Role of Effective Internet Governance Structures in Global Society
Internet governance serves as a good opportunity to monitor how people use the internet and identify some of the common challenges that they may face. It encompasses all processes that impact the management of the internet. As a practice that has fully grown in society, different actors, including the government, civil society, the private sector, as well as the technical community have contributed to molding principles, rules, decision-making procedures, norms, and activities to shape the use and evolution of internet overtime. Internet governance structures and architectures aim at ensuring free and open access to the internet while reducing social conflicts that result from cybercrime (Shackelford and Craig, 2014). Organizations such as UNESCO have acknowledged the potential of the internet when people use it freely and openly (DeNardis and Hackl, 2015). For this reason, the organization recommends other nations to formulate policies, rules, practices, and standards that will only maintain order in society rather than controlling users and denying them their right to access the internet freely. The Internet plays a vital role in global growth and development as it builds inclusive and knowledgeable societies as well as nurturing sustainable human development. Active internet governance structures, on the other hand, ensure that people engage in global internet use in order and without offending other users. As it enhances the free flow of internet to different regions across the world, the internet use informs and updates people about trending issues in various areas, including businesses, sports, and politics(Pasquale, 2016). UNESCO advocates a more transparent, inclusive, andopen approach to internet governance with more focus on the principles of openness, respect for privacy, technical interoperability, freedom of expression, and universal access(DeNardis and Hackl, 2015). Similarly, other key concerns of this organization are ethics and respect for linguistic and cultural diversity in cyberspace.
The 2003 and 2005 World Summit about the information society led to the formation of an internet governance forum with multi-stakeholders(DeNardis and Hackl, 2015). In the annual forum, governments, international agencies, civil society organizations, internet professionals, and businesses can explore internet development and how its productive use contributes to the emergence of well-informed global societies. The future success and achievement of the internet as an open platform for empowerment and innovation relies on the ability to facilitate an internet governance approach with considerations to multi-stakeholders’ state of collaboration and decentralization. The implementation of effective internet governance structures has promoted inclusive, transparent, and open participation in internet platforms. Moreover, it has enhanced consensus-based decision-making by involving the collective and individual expertise of diverse stakeholders through accountable consensus-based processes. Even though internet governance has played a vital role in promoting united global societies, it encounters a wide range of challenges that undermine its effectiveness(Van Eeten and Mueller, 2013). For instance, it faces a major problem in navigating decentralized processes. Similarly, the role of governments may undermine the effectiveness of internet governance structures, primarily where authoritarian regimes use the internet to control users, thus preventing them from accessing the internet contents freely. Complex issues like cybersecurity and net neutrality have also unleashed challenges that require more attention from internet governors. Such problems have social, economic, technical, and legal aspects that need actors from multiple jurisdictions. Carr (2015) confirms that to address these issues successfully, stakeholders need a wide range of knowledge and skills. Similarly, the stakeholders need to collaborate with various industry experts, including technologists, policymakers, civil servants, and business people. Some of the crucial threats that internet governance encounters in global society are cybersecurity, the internet of things, net neutrality, and digital authoritarianism.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is an important policy topic in internet governance because it offers advanced cyber defense programs that assist in taking full control of the internet and its users. Cybersecurity involves the practice of safeguarding programs, networks, and systems to protect them from digital attacks. Regardless of the efforts to keep hackers away, cases have continued to emerge on incidents of cyberattacks (DeNardis and Hackl, 2015). A cyberattack involves the process of accessing or changing people’s sensitive information from the internet without their consent. Such cases also include the extortion of money from owners as well as interfering with normal business processes. As technology becomes more advanced, hackers are discovering new ways of assessing users’ digital information. In other words, the enforcement of effective cybersecurity measures has become more difficult today due to the existence of many devices and the increasing innovation among attackers. A successful approach to cybersecurity consists of multiple protection layers spread across programs, computers, networks, or data to block all the attempts that an attacker makes to access the system. In organizations, people and technology, in collaboration with effective processes, complement each other in providing reliable protection from cyberattacks(DeNardis and Raymond, 2013). Employees and other business practitioners in the hold of crucial information like passwords should maintain high work confidentiality to deny attackers clues about hacking intousers’ systems. For example, accountants should avoid disclosing information like customers’financial balances to the public. On the other hand, users should learn to create strong passwords or back up their data regularly. Similarly, they should always log out from the accounts after use.
To enhance cybersecurity, individuals should comply with a set of principles that offer protection from hackers. People are the most significant tools of cybersecurity today(Shackelford and Craig, 2014). If any careless person makes a simple mistake, this can tremendously affect a wide range of processes that may, in turn, lead to the crushing of a system. For instance, a worker may click on a suspicious link or open a strange email attachment, leading to the massive loss of significant data that maycause considerable disruptions to a business process. Even though most experts of information and technology have mastered ways of staying safe on online platforms, regular internet users do not know how to dodge incidents of a cyberattack. However, to avoid such cases, various actors in internet governance, including the government, have provided essential principles that can curb cyber insecurity. Many nations have put adequate measuresin place to enhance cybersecurity in both local and international societies(Jensen, 2015). As new advances in technology emerge, hackers are becoming more innovative and discovering new methods of cracking individuals’ and organization’s systems to obtain crucial data.Carr (2015)discloses that the examination of cybersecurity and the issues surrounding it enables the cyber governance participants to identify potential causes of cybercrimes.
Internet users have always been major targets for attackers. The first principle in cybersecurity is knowing that a user is an attractive target to hackers who can appear anywhere, anytime, and on any device or program. The second principle is practicing the effective management of passwords. Hofmann, Katzenbach, and Gollatz (2017) explain that proper password management involves creating strong passwords and avoiding the use of similar passwords for multiple sites. Users should avoid using others’ passwords or writing them down as people may leak them(Pasquale, 2016). Various sites assist in the creation of strong passwords by restricting people to open accounts by using a combination of numbers, letters, and other characters like a full stop or a hyphen. Internet governance practitioners also encourage users to avoid leaving their devices unattended. If they have to leave their phones, tablets, or computers for a certain length of time, they should always lock their screens with strong passwords or encrypt all crucial documents in external hard drives or flash drives to prevent attackers from accessing them.
The internet governance practitioners also recommend users to be careful whenever they are opening suspicious or strange links and emails. Other than backing up their data regularly, they should be cautious when engaging in sensitive browsings like shopping or banking as some devices or networks promote acts of stealing or copying of users’ data. There is also a need to counter check what one inserts in his or her device because external hard drives or flash drives can take part in spreading malware(Jensen, 2015).Many cases have emerged in the past where hackers manipulate users through social interaction, making them surrender some of their sensitive information like passwords or logins that they eventually use to hack into their systems. Many times, hackers who use this strategy pretend to be customer care personnel, thus using this as an excuse to obtain information from them. In recent years, individuals have reported several cases where people claiming to be helpers try to gather crucial data from them(Pasquale, 2016). Similarly, others have raised complaints about hackers getting into their accounts and stealing large amounts of money.
Organizations have lived to create frameworks for dealing with both successful and attempted cyberattacks.Carr (2015)identifies that cyberattack frameworks can assist in identifying attacks, detecting and responding to threats, protecting systems, and recovering from successful attacks. By doing this, organizations have taken part in internet governance by significantly contributing to the formulation of policies and rules that protect internet users(DeNardis and Hackl, 2015). Technology, on the other hand, is an essential element of cybersecurity that assists in beating innovative attackers. With technology, individuals and organizations have obtained security tools that they need to protect computers, routers or networks, and smart devices, thus blocking cyberattacks. Cybersecurity plays a fundamental part in internet governance by increasing people’s confidence and trust in critical infrastructures such as financial service companies, hospitals, power plants, among others(Jensen, 2015). By securing these institutions, the practitioners of internet governance can succeed in reducing the rate of crime, abuse, and social conflict in society. Even though cybersecurity has emerged as a fundamental challenge in the world of increasing internet use, effective internet governance has assisted in the formulation of laws and regulations that watch over the internet, thus allowing users to enjoy their rights with regards to the internet use.
Internet of Things
Internet of things has given rise to many issues that the internet governance actors should consider duringthe formulation of policies, rules, practices, and standards that shape and coordinate the global cyberspace. The internet of things comprises an interconnected system of computing devices, digital and mechanical machines, or objects with unique internet identifiers(DeNardis and Hackl, 2015). The interconnection assists intransferring information or data from one end to anotherwith the help of the network. The internet of things is a term that has circulated in modern society due to the emergence of multiple technological advances, embedded systems, commodity sensors, real-time analytics, and machine learning.With the increasing number of interconnected internet devices in the global society as well as the increase of security cases, the internet of other things is becoming a topic of interest in internet governance. The internet governance structures and architectures are engineered to promote, innovate, and enable global communication while allowing the free transfer of data from one point to another(Shackelford and Craig, 2014). However, the rapid growth of the internet in the past years has made it difficult for organizations, both local and international, to develop a consensus on a conclusive structure for internet governance. As internet usage and technological reliance continue rising, individuals and organizations must identify a multilateral approach to promote the stability and convenience of the internet among users(Van Eeten and Mueller, 2013). With the emergence of the internet of things whereby individuals are engaging in the fulltime use of the internet, it is essential to ensure that this expanded use does not contribute to social conflicts in society.
As the use of the internet continues to grow, the structure of internet governance seeks to identify ways in which the internet affects global society(Shackelford and Craig, 2014). Major concerns in internet governance include security, privacy, regulation, and development. Even though the internet of things has eased work in different regions across the world, the question of security has continued to raise an alarm. The increasing number of interconnected computing devices, digital and mechanical machines, or objects, has increased opportunities for exploitation. The poorly designed devices have given thieves a chance to exploit vulnerable individuals, especially when the steams of data have inadequate protection. Kruger (2014) points out that a large number of interconnected internet devices need proper regulation. Today, digitally connected programs, devices, or items are encroaching on all aspects of people’s lives, including cars, offices, and homes. With the increasing deployment of Wi-Fi networks, the internet of things is developing at a dramatic pace, making it an attractive area on which cybercriminals are focusing. More digitally connected devices imply that there are more vectors of attack and more chances of cyber insecurity(Hofmann, Katzenbach, and Gollatz, 2017).For this reason, it is necessary to pay more attention to the policy relating to the internet of things for proper internet governance.
Network Neutrality
Pasquale (2016) exposes the relevance of net neutrality to global internet governance. The neutrality of the network has long existed as an issue of domestic regulation. Hofmann (2016)asserts that the discussion of net neutrality exclusively prevails in the United States. The debate regarding this issue focus on the users’ right to get free and equal access to internet content and services from overbearing governments or internet operators without interference. It also examines the network operators’ freedom of liability for transmitting undesirable or illegal material as deemed by third parties. Carr (2015)points out that these network neutrality aspects are relevant in many countries as private and public actors try to control the internet. Since internet connectivity does not pay attention to the constraints of national borders, net neutrality has become a global issue that practitioners of internet governance need to address.Pasquale (2016) explains that net neutrality is an essential rule that orders internet service providers to treat all websites equally by allowing users to access them without the prioritization of any content. In this case, the law attempts to imply that the internet is an essential utility just like water and cannot undergo manipulation or monopolization under any circumstance, including for profit reasons. Disregarding net neutrality would promote authoritarianism in the country, encouraging the government to embrace cyber sovereignty whereby itlimits democracy and takes full control of the internet.
Many researchers argue that internet governance assists in the formulationof rules, policies, practices, and standards that shape and coordinate the global cyberspace to minimize cases such as lack of internet privacy. Similarly, findings on net neutrality have revealed that its elimination would undermine the users’ privacy during internet access.For this reason, net neutrality is a major principle of internet governance. Kruger (2014) elaborates that it is impossible to split the internet into small packages and sell it like cable television to users, as doing this would affect individuals’ privacy. The elimination of net neutrality implies that the internet service provider knows the kind of media that one accesses. Similarly, the internet operator would have information on what the user accesses and at what time(Pasquale, 2016). In other words, by paying an unusual amount of money to access adult content, for instance, this would imply that the operator knows whatever the user is accessing. The adoption of net neutrality assists in internet governance as it promotes privacy by encouraging the equal provision ofdata to all users regardless of the content. Kruger (2014) identifies that the eradication of data prioritization denies others chances of predicting the kind of content the user accesses. Generally, people have a right to privacy, and no one should access their data or information without their consent. The failure to engage in net neutrality has granted internet service providers permission to get access to users’ sensitive data by assigning distinct charges to various contents(Pasquale, 2016). Therefore, even though net neutrality serves as a fundamental principle of internet governance, it has emerged as a significant issue, following the ongoing debates about eliminating it. With attempts to address the issue, studies have emphasized the importance of promoting equal access to online content.Kruger (2014) displays that there is a need to implement effective regulations and laws that will defend net neutrality to improve privacy among internet users.
Digital Authoritarianism
Internet governance provides a wide range of benefits to both the internet service provider and the user. For instance, it ensures that users utilize the internet properly without offending other users or denying them their rights. Some of the internet-based rights that internet governance actors avail to users include the right to privacy, security, and the right to be free from cyberbullying or other forms of social conflicts that may arise from the use of the internet. The government has a major obligation of governing the internet responsibly without interfering with a single human right(Shackelford and Craig, 2014). The inability to regulate the internet properly may result in problems that may reflect on the users. The last two decades have seen a period of liberal democracy with top government officials viewing the internet as an open, free, resilient, secure, and an interoperable global network where people from diverse cultures can relate and interact. Nations, particularly the U.S., have engaged in the proper governance of the internet, enabling them to benefit tremendously from the outcomes. Clear indications of effective internet governance in the U.S. include the ongoing vigorous debates about promoting net neutrality(Jensen, 2015). Proper management ofthe internet in the U.S. has enabled it to engage in online businesses with other nations, whereby they exchange ideas and market their products through online platforms. Even though the past years did not favor trade as well as the digital economy, the rapid growth of internet use has facilitated more convenient business processes, leading to the increase of performance and high productivity in organizations. On the other hand, authoritarian nations have taken full control of the internet, thus using it as a weapon to dictate their citizens.
Authoritarian regimes use the internet to control thepeople by restricting them from accessing the internetfreely. Kruger (2014) identifies that instead of promoting a free environment where internet users can freely access and utilize online content, authoritarian governments subject the internet to full control, thus upholding the concept of cyber sovereignty(Jensen, 2015). Nations such as Russia and China have confirmed this notion in the past with beliefs that the free flow of internet content is a potential threat to political instability. Even though structures of internet governance such as law and regulation monitor how individuals and organizations use the internet, authoritarian nations tend to use these structures at the expense of development in the country(Van Eeten and Mueller, 2013). In other words, digital authoritarianism is a vital issue that violates the benefits of the internet, such as social, economic, and political interactions. Despite preventing online businesses and digital trade, digital authoritarianism has contributed significantly to the decline of global democracy. Initially, nations had not embraced the full use of the internet, making them operate most of their practices, including businesses, sports, other social interactions at a local level. However, after the increase of internet use in various societies, globalization and commercialization have grown tremendously, enabling nations to expand their business practices and cater for customer needs in all regions across the world(Hofmann, Katzenbach, and Gollatz, 2017). With the increasing use of the internet, it has been necessary to implement internet governance and introduce rules to examine issues such as cybercrime. However, the introduction of strict regulations in internet governance has given rise to autocratic governments that prevent users from freely accessing the internet.
Even though users have enjoyed internet freedom for a long time, its excessive use has forced others to become authoritarians. They believe that the increasing use of the internet has promoted cybercrimes and the lack of privacy in internet platforms. With the internet of things, individuals have interconnected many digital devices, introducing many hackers and giving them more alternatives to cracking the internet system. The tension between global internet and national sovereignty emerges as the most fundamental issue of internet governance today. Hofmann (2016)elaborates that authoritarians are forcing the cyberspace to conform to territorial sovereignty principles. Cyber sovereignty affects the rights to internet use in many ways(Jensen, 2015).Firstly, the user submits to national laws without considering his or her interests in using the internet. Secondly, the user does not explore his or her right to free access to the internet. With cyber sovereignty, regimes believe that they have full control over the internet and can control how people use it. For this reason, it affects human rights by denying users the freedom to access internet contentment without restrictions or manipulations. Carr (2015) identifies that digital authoritarianism can fragment the internet as a result of the government actions and policies that prevent or constrain its full use.
Steps Taken to Improve Internet Governance and Minimize the Threats
ICAAN, a multi-stakeholder organization that assigns names and numbers, names and regulates billions of internet websites. As a global organization, ICAAN comprises sub-organizations that represent and manage different parts of internet governance. Many nations, including the United States have considered embracing decentralization and collaboration with multi-stakeholder organizations like ICAAN, thus accessing open and free internet (Hofmann, Katzenbach, and Gollatz, 2017).Cybersecurity has posed major challenges to internet governance. Regardless of the efforts to implement tighter regulations and laws, cyber insecurity continues to prevail, taking advantage of the increasing use of the internet. A successful approach to cybersecurity consists of multiple protection layers spread across programs, computers, networks, or data to block all the attempts that an attacker makes to access the system(Shackelford and Craig, 2014). Nations are looking for more strategic ways of eradicating this issue from society. Many organizations have suffered from cyberattacks as a result of employee ignorance. Some of the steps that organizations have taken to improve cybersecurity include training employees on proper ways of using the internet without giving attackers a chance to crack the system. For instance, employees have learned to create strong passwords as well as counterchecking external links and emails before opening them. Cybersecurity has undermined the freedom of organizations and individuals to freely access the internet content as well as denying them privacy.
Hofmann (2016) discloses that various actors, including the government, civil society, the private sector, and the technical community have made several attempts to monitor interconnected digital devices to block any form of attack that may emerge. For instance, IT experts are doing more research to find possible ways of internet hacking and how to prevent them. Even though autocratic governments are restricting the free flow of internet information in some nations, this act has dramaticallyreduced as people discover more beneficial uses of the internet both at an individual and national level. Countries such as Russia and China have upheld cyber sovereignty in the past with beliefs that the free flow of internet content is a potential threat to political instability(Jensen, 2015). However, with proper structures of internet governance, they have started embracing democracy, enabling their internet users to express themselves through the internet. Even though net neutrality is a national issue, the internet does not conform to national boundaries, making it a global problem. The debates surrounding the issue of net neutrality in the U.S. have revealed that it is necessary to maintain privacy(DeNardis and Raymond, 2013). Individuals have done in-depth research on the repercussions of eliminating net neutrality, displaying that it would undermine users’ privacy, thus promoting ineffective governance of the internet. Therefore, these individuals have made a major step in addressing the threat of eliminating net neutrality, thus improving internet governance.
Conclusion
The availability of the internet has made work easier, enabling people from different regions across the globe to interact and exchange ideas on various areas such as business, politics, sports, among others. The cyberspace has promoted globalization and commercialization, thus improving global growth and development. With effective internet governance structures such as regulations and laws, internet use has become more convenient due to the existence of the order. Different actors, including the government, civil society, the private sector, as well as the technical community have played a major role in forming principles, rules, decision-making procedures, norms, and activities to shape the use and evolution of internet overtime. Even though internet governance has played a vital role in promoting knowledgeable global societies, it encounters a wide range of challenges that undermine its effectiveness. Some of the crucial threats that internet governance participants face in global society are cybersecurity, the internet of things, net neutrality, and digital authoritarianism. Cybersecurity involves the practice of safeguarding programs, networks, and systems to protect them from digital attacks. It has emerged as a crucial threat to proper internet governance as different actors try to formulate policies that will reduce it. Even though the structures of internet governancecannot fully eradicate cyber insecurity, cybercrime has significantly gone down after IT experts explored ways of using technology to prevent hacking. Similarly, the internet of things has given rise to an environment with abundant digitally interconnected devices. Monitoring a large number of interconnected devices has become difficult, leading to the emergence of several cases of cyberattack. Net neutrality and digital authoritarianism, on the other hand,are complex issuesthat pose a lot of challenges in internet governance. By addressing both the political and social issues like government authoritarianism and cybercrime, the processes of internet governance will be smoother.
References
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Shackelford, S. J., & Craig, A. N. (2014). Beyond the new digital divide: Analyzing the evolving role of national governments in internet governance and enhancing cybersecurity. Stan. J. Int’l L., 50, 119.
DeNardis, L., & Hackl, A. M. (2015). Internet governance by social media platforms. Telecommunications Policy, 39(9), 761-770.
Van Eeten, M. J., & Mueller, M. (2013). Where is the governance in Internet governance? New media & society, 15(5), 720-736.
DeNardis, L., & Raymond, M. (2013, November). Thinking clearly about multistakeholder internet governance. In GigaNet: Global Internet Governance Academic Network, Annual Symposium.
Hofmann, J. (2016). Multi-stakeholders in Internet governance: putting a fiction into practice. Journal of Cyber Policy, 1(1), 29-49.
Carr, M. (2015). Power plays in global internet governance. Millennium, 43(2), 640-659.
Kruger, L. G. (2014). Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: issues for congress.
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When will I get my paper?
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
Will anyone find out that I used your services?
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
How our Assignment Help Service Works
1. Place an order
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
2. Pay for the order
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
3. Track the progress
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
4. Download the paper
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!
