Estimation of the HHI in a company

Discussion

Estimation of the HHI gives the multinational firm an indicator of the competition to expect in the industry. Knowledge of the competition level would determine the ease of entry and if there is room for growth as a new brand or an established one. If the HH1 indicator is below 1500, then the firm would recognize an opportunity for success as an independent firm because of the high competitiveness and a high number of brands. Such a low HHI indicates the lack of dominant brands in the industry, which is attractive for a firm seeking to enter and build a brand. However, the high presence of firms with similar market shares also limits the capabilities of new entrants to join. New entrants could consider the size of the market prior to entering.

If the HHI is between 1500 and 3000, then it can be an indicator of the presence of a few dominant firms. It can indicate the unexploited nature of the industry or the options to merge or acquire dominant players to increase market share quickly. The HHI allows the multinational company not only to figure out the entry strategy but also to consider the intensity of the rivalry to expect in the market. The HHI may also indicate the vulnerability of the market to disruptions caused by one firm’s activity, which then explains the risks associated with the market overall. The HHI can also influence the marketing and pricing strategies of the multinational company as it seeks to reap maximum profit. For instance, low HHI would promote differentiation strategies for marketing, while high HHI would demonstrate room for premium pricing as consumers lack many alternatives.

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Case Reflection

The investment committee would like to know the level of existing competition in the host country and the cost of production in the host country. If this question arises, James Hyman will need to offer information about the ease of entry. Other than showing that the acquisition will lower the initial cost of capital, there is a need to confirm whether the joint venture will be profitable from the start and if the existing market has room for the introduction of the business culture of Amalgamated Polymers Inc. into Gulf Plastics.

The other question that will arise will be about the political risk in Mazirban. The investment committee will want to know whether elections, transitions of government, and the fact that the royal family has a stake in Gulf Plastics might be factors that hinder effective management control(Mudambi et al., 2007). Thus, there will be a need for further research and the provision of information about the country’s political risk. In the end, James Hyman will offer a rating of the risk so that the investment committee decides to go ahead with the venture or stop it.

A third question could be about any restrictions that the government might place on the repatriation of profits. It is important to identify government taxation practices regarding foreign entities. For instance, Amalgamated Polymers Inc. would like to know if the Mazirban government will tax its investment into the country, and its dividends collected from the joint venture(Ajami & Goddard, 2015a). If there are other benefits gained, then knowing the position of the government will be critical before making an investment move(Ajami & Goddard, 2015a). Lastly, James Hayman will need to answer concerns about the number of foreign expatriates that Mazirban laws accept in such joint ventures because such information will influence the investment committee’s rating of the risk of investing in the country through an equity purchase.

Module 7

Discussion

In the first option, the building of an electricity-generating plant will have to interfere with the natural ecosystem. Displaying animals and plants form their natural habits, clearing vegetation and create processes emitting greenhouse gases. An example would be the thermal generation of electricity would be the most significant environmental concern to come out of the first option. Moreover, this option also threatens the possible natural uses of the land resource as it may introduce noise pollution to the area. The plant needed to generate reliable electricity might require much land and present considerable noise in addition to the noise that already emerges from the factory. Moreover, the introduction of new populations around the power plant that will be developing and running it will create additional environmental constraints arising out of the settlement. Therefore, there will be externalities such as increased vehicles, appliances, and household use of energy around the plant that affect the environment.

The second option involves the conversion of the manufacturing plant to use natural gas. Burning natural gas would present environmental concerns even though it is cleaner than other sources of energy. At the same time, the chemical processes modified to fit the new energy source are not as efficient as the ones that exist and use electricity. Thus, the manufacturing facility might end up with increased production of water, dangerous chemicals, and hard to recycle waste, which will adversely affect the environment. The reduction of the restriction on safety will undoubtedly cause more damage to the environment because of the unregulated emissions.

Case Reflection

If given the position of Wilbur Stevens, the first thing would be to seek another approach to highlight the urgency of the matter to the executive. For instance, working through a few leaders of the global operations and showing them the implications of a public boycott could be one of the ways to convince the company to think otherwise. The creation of practice and cost-effective steps to take without creating considerable changes that affect the company’s bottom line would also be necessary. Initiating programs within the Los Helios operations for teaching employees environmental sustainability could also help change the culture and attitudes. Such changes in mindset could also contribute to innovations at the local level.

The right approach for the director of Globe-Watch would be to compel companies such as Alapco Chemicals Ltd to practice the same high-quality environmental standards in every market would be by creating a global awareness campaign(Pollack et al., 2012). It would be easier to create campaigns that shame the companies for their wrongdoing and to alert other activists and environmental regulatory groups of the problems at hand. Such moves would also help increase the incentives for enforcement of the environmental laws passed in Valdina. The organization can rely on advocacy, given that it lacks direct control over companies and governments.

The minister for industries of the government of Valdina should invite Wilbur Stevens and other company heads involved in manufacturing in Los Helios and issue a directive to them about setting up a joint operation for safe disposal of their toxic waste. The minister should make the directive a condition for the licensing of the operations of these companies and introduce government incentives that may speed up the actualization of the new policy(Ajami & Goddard, 2015b). Since enforcement might be an issue for the government, the incentives might compel the companies to carry out the policy to benefit from the expected returns. The minister may create conditions within the industry that introduce competitive advantages for firms complying with the environmental regulations.

References

Ajami, R. A., & Goddard, G. J. (2015a). Foreign investment: Researching risk. In International business: Theory and practice (pp. 298–320). Routledge.

Ajami, R. A., & Goddard, J. G. (2015b). Ethical concerns: Multinationals and sustainability. In International business: Theory and practice (pp. 321–341). Routledge.

Mudambi, R., Mudambi, S. M., & Navarra, P. (2007). Global Innovation in MNCs: The Effects of Subsidiary Self‐Determination and Teamwork. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24(5), 442–455.

Pollack, K. M., Kercher, C., Frattaroli, S., Peek-Asa, C., Sleet, D., & Rivara, F. P. (2012). Toward environments and policies that promote injury-free active living-it wouldn’t hurt. Health and Place, 18(1), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.07.010

 

 

 


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