Table of Contents
Introduction
Chaplains work in different ministries based on their professional backgrounds and interests. Traditionally, most chaplains were based in the Christian faith. The diversification of religious groups and people’s spiritual needs has contributed to the incorporation of chaplains from other religious groups in the chaplaincy roles. Chaplains are viewed as individuals whose roles involve continuing with the work of ministry that was began by Jesus Christ. They focus on offering people spiritual and emotional support to help them deal with difficult situations. Like Jesus Christ, chaplains teach people about God’s love, his mercy, and commitment to them. They offer the people they work with comfort during emergencies or stressful situations, which also helps people grow spiritually. Chaplains like other ministers or pastors rely on their theological knowledge and experiences to help people. However, they often work in different settings as chaplains can opt to focus on education institution settings, healthcare facilities, prisons, among other settings. Chaplains are also required to restrict their services to spiritual support and avoid forcing their beliefs on the people they serve. As such, chaplains with a Christian background can be found offering their services to Muslims, Buddhists, or individuals from other religious backgrounds.
In hospital chaplaincy, chaplains offer their services to a wide range of patients from different ethnic communities, age groups, backgrounds, cultures, and religious groups. This research analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats identified within the healthcare chaplaincy based on data collected from research and Christopher Swift’s book on Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century.
Strengths
The main strength linked with healthcare chaplaincy is based on meeting patients’ spiritual needs and the identification of these needs as part of the holistic care paradigm[1]. Research has also supported the need to address patients’ spiritual needs as a way of ensuring that both the body, mind, and soul are involved in the healing process. Most healthcare facilities and professional healthcare providers agree with the use of holistic care practices that ensure patients have access to physical, emotional, spiritual, and social care. Holistic care ensures that healthcare practitioners address all the different aspects of patient’s needs and promotes patients’ dignity, which is often neglected by healthcare professionals who only focus on treating the patient’s physical state[2]. The recognition of chaplaincy by the healthcare professionals acts as a strength that supports this ministry.
Patients are more likely to open up to healthcare chaplains as opposed to other healthcare professionals. They can easily talk to chaplains about issues such as, underlying stress affecting their health, and their feelings about their health condition[3]. Health chaplains visit their patients in their hospital rooms and listen or talk with them for prolonged periods about their feelings, fears, regrets, and health decisions, which makes them unique when compared to other healthcare providers. By listening to their patients, they allow them to share information that they might have otherwise not shared with the other healthcare professionals. Patients also link healthcare chaplains with spirituality and view them as in the same way they perceive their spiritual leaders. Christopher Swift associated hospital chaplaincy with its origin in the Middle Ages, where ministers living in monasteries offered patients soul-based treatment as a way of promoting healing[4]. Although numerous transformation have occurred in the healthcare chaplaincy ministry, patients still view chaplains in this field as spiritual leaders and are likely to discuss and entrust them with personal information.
The primary focus on healthcare chaplaincy is providing patients with emotional and spiritual healing and not physical care. Since other healthcare practitioners focus on caring for the physical body, there is no competition from other healthcare practitioners towards chaplains regarding their role in promoting spiritual healing. Like ancient ministers who focused on the soul, modern chaplains still base their practice on spiritual healing[5]. This aligns with the Bible’s teaching on the role of spiritual leaders in promoting healing seen in James 5:14-15, which states, “Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well.” The Bible acknowledges the role of chaplains in assisting the sick to attain wellness through prayer.
Another strength linked to chaplaincy is the role of chaplains in bringing patients closer to God. Through the sessions that chaplains hold with their patients, they assist them with viewing their problems in a different perspective and solving issues in their lives. This often creates a unique bond between the chaplain and the patients. In the interview conducted on Rev. Rob Hobson, Rev. Hobson stated that he had formed strong bonds with his patients during counseling and was able to assist them manage their problems in life even after being discharged from the hospital. He also stated that by listening to patients and providing them with thoughtful responses for their questions, he empowered them to believe in themselves despite the health challenges they were facing in their lives. Through his chaplaincy service, he has been able to cheer up his patients and attributed his methods to Proverbs 17:22, which states that, “A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones.”
Weakness
Issues related with poor provision of chaplaincy services as part of holistic care are often associated with inadequate knowledge regarding the benefits of chaplaincy services in healthcare and the importance of spiritual wellness. Research suggests that other factors such as inadequate clinical supervision, poor management in some of the healthcare services especially those located in marginalized communities, incompetent healthcare staff, and inappropriate professional relations affect healthcare chaplaincy[6].
Other weaknesses that have been associated with chaplaincy is the lack of a wide range of chaplains from different religious groups. Most chaplains in the hospital setting are Christians. Although they strive to offer the best spiritual support that they can manage, they often face challenges dealing with patients from different religious groups. The lack of adequate numbers of chaplains from other religious groups could affect the ability of chaplains to meet the patients’ spiritual needs and reduce the efficiency of holistic care[7].
During the interview conducted on Rev. Hobson, when asked about the challenges related to his ministry, he states that the high number of patients admitted in healthcare facilities made it difficult to offer patients proper services since most healthcare facilities either had one chaplain on full-time or part-time service. He linked the lack of adequate numbers of chaplains in hospitals with challenges in providing extensive services to patients or meeting the patients’ spiritual needs. He also stated that healthcare chaplaincy did not contribute to the hospitals’ income and thus did not receive much attention from the leaders of the healthcare facilities.
Another weakness facing this chaplaincy is the difficulty that chaplains face while trying to transition from other forms of ministry to healthcare chaplaincy. Pastors who have worked as evangelists before joining the healthcare chaplaincy ministry usually face challenges when trying to get used to the new setting and their role in providing patients from different religious backgrounds with spiritual guidelines.Swift stated that, “The health service is not asking chaplains how many souls they saved or how often their worship appeased the wrath of a God justly angered at our sins”[8]. Chaplains who have worked in other settings as evangelism have a higher likelihood of using evangelism approaches in healthcare settings, which might offend some of the patients who do not believe in religious doctrines. Like other healthcare practitioners, chaplains are also supposed to respect patients’ religious beliefs. Since most patients turn to their religion for support during challenging times, it is essential for chaplains and healthcare practitioners to respect patients’ religious and spiritual needs[9][10].
Opportunities
The increased awareness about holistic healthcare has promotes the reputation of healthcare chaplaincy. Researchers have also acknowledged the role of spiritual care in promoting the provision of holistic care. The perceive role of God in providing patients with comfort and healing when sick has been the primary influence in promoting provision of spiritual services to patients. People often link their religious beliefs to other aspects of their lives, which suggests that a stronger perception that they are stable spiritually could promote their physical healing. The support directed towards healthcare chaplaincy increases the chances of hiring more healthcare chaplains[11].
Healthcare chaplains also get the opportunity to participate in community projects that focus on patient education and wellness. By working closely with other healthcare providers and being linked to communal churches or religious institutions, healthcare chaplains have the opportunity to link communities to healthcare facilities and promote access to healthcare services. In the chaplaincy interview, Rev. Hobson stated that he had been involved in several community projects that had been organized by the healthcare professionals he worked with and involved communal churches.
Individuals who have trained in chaplaincy as well as healthcare professions can have the opportunity of integrating their chaplaincy skills in care provision. The use of chaplains in healthcare facilities also offers young chaplains opportunities to participate in care giving roles and encourages them to take up career such as nursing. Aside from that, since healthcare chaplains have the opportunity to offer their patients continued care after discharge, the can work in both clinical and community settings. The diversity of healthcare services also provides healthcare chaplains with opportunities to work in different settings such as palliative centers, nursing homes, or rehabilitation centers.
Threats
The existence of health boards that cater to healthcare professionals such as nurses, clinicians, and doctors pose a threat to healthcare chaplaincy because of their inability to recognize the role of chaplains in healthcare. In his book, Swift pointed out that the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) caused a major transformation in the role of chaplains in healthcare by limiting the influence of the church in patient management and refocusing healthcare services from treatment of the mind and soul to treatment of the physical body[12]. Increased focus on physical well-being threatens healthcare practitioners’ focus on the spiritual needs of patients, which, in turn, threatens the role of chaplains in healthcare facilities. Other threats that might be associated with healthcare chaplaincy is the fear that some chaplains might have towards working in healthcare settings due to risks of infections, dealing with violent patients, or experiencing the loss of patients.
Conclusion
Sickness has often been associated with emotional distress and increased likelihood of developing depressive symptoms especially in cases where individuals are diagnosed with untreatable chronic illnesses. The experience can be life threatening and can change people’s behavior towards others, promote self-isolation, or risk of opportunistic infections. Chaplaincy in healthcare settings offer patients access to spiritual leaders who are ready to listen to them and comfort them. Despite the change in the roles of chaplains that has occurred over the years, these individuals still form a critical part of the healthcare team and promote patients’ access to holistic and patient-centered care.
JasemiMadineh, Valizadeh Leila, Keogh Brian, “A Concept Analysis of Holistic Care by Hybrid Model.” Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 23, no. 1, (2017): 71-78.
Johnson, Emily, Diane Dodd-McCue, and Jennifer McDaniel. “Mapping the literature of health care chaplaincy.” Journal of the Medical Library Association, 2013: 101(3), 199-204.
Liefbroer, Anke I., et al. “Interfaith Spiritual Care: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Religion and Health (2017): 56: 1776-1793.
Linda, Loma. Career Profiles-Chaplain. 18 October 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrCditxjyTA&feature=youtu.be.
Paget, Naomi K. and Janet R. McCormack. The Work of the Chaplain. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 2006.
Swift Christopher, Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century: The Crisis of Spiritual Care on the NHS Routledge: New York, 2016.
Swihart Diana L., Martin Romaine L., “Cultural Religious Competence In Clinical Practice,” StatPearls. May 29, 2019, Retrieved February 16, 2020.
Appendix
Appendix A
Chaplain Interviews
Introduction
The following report was compiled after an interview with a chaplain who has been working with other healthcare professionals in the healthcare industry. The interview was conducted on Reverend Bob Hobson, who currently works for the Martin Hospital South located Florida as a part-time chaplain. The interview was done as a face-to-face meeting while the chaplain was on a 3-day vacation in Arlington, Texas, where I had also gone to visit a friend. It was carried out on February 14 2020 at 3:00 pm to 4:30 pm. The interview was conducted to lay the foundation for research that would analyze the role of healthcare chaplaincy profoundly and other aspects related to this career path. Chaplains working in healthcare facilities promote patient’s access to spiritual guidance, which improves their overall well-being. While they might not perform complex surgeries or offer drug prescriptions to their patients, their involvement in healthcare and provision of the patients’ spiritual needs promotes their patients’ ability to face the challenges related to their health status.
Chaplaincy Discipline
Chaplain Hobson entered the chaplaincy career after being ordained as a pastor and serving two churches before working as a chaplain intern for Eastern State and St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. He began ministering because of his need to spread God’s love and peace into the hearts and lives of patients admitted who felt like God had given up on them. He also wanted to bring God’s light to healthcare professionals faced by different career and personal challenges that affected their work performance to ensure that they were able to focus on their work and understood God’s role in their lives. This concept also forms the foundation of healthcare chaplaincy[13][14]. His philosophy in ministry is based on Matthew 5:16, which states that “…let your light shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father who is in Heaven.”
Career History and Preparations Needed for Qualification
Rev. Hobson stated that he had worked as a church pastor and a chaplain in different settings for more than twenty years. He stated that he had worked within the hospital chaplaincy for approximately five years before retiring in 2014. During that time, he was endorsed by the Association of Mental Health Clergy (AMHC) and worked with patients with different healthcare conditions. After two years of his retirement, he began volunteering in the Spiritual Care department at the Martin Medical Center. He was later hired on a part-time basis at the Martin Hospital South, where he has been working since January 2018. To prepare for his career as a chaplain, Rev. Hobson attended the College of William and Mary, where he pursued B.A. in Government and masters in Secondary School Social Studies Teaching. He worked as a high school teacher before attending a seminary at the Theological Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi, where he received his masters in divinity. Rev. Hobson stated that after that the Presbyterian Church in American ordained him. He, later on, served in two churches and three chaplaincy positions. Before serving as a hospital chaplain, he worked an intern at the Eastern State and St. Elizabeth Hospitals, where he managed to complete eleven quarters of clinical pastoral education before being endorsed by the AMHC. Rev. Hobson stated that working as an intern exposed him to the roles that he was expected to perform as a healthcare chaplain.
Ministry Opportunities, Strengths and Weaknesses of Ministry Discipline
Rev. Hobson acknowledged the different types of chaplaincy that ministers could work with and stated that some of the opportunities that were available for him included working in various healthcare settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, mental health facilities, rehabilitation homes, palliative care centers among others. He also stated that aside from providing chaplaincy work in healthcare facilities, as a healthcare chaplain, he could offer his services to patients on home-based services or work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals in community projects.
When questioned about the strengths of his ministry, he stated that healthcare chaplaincy offered him an opportunity to interact with a wide range of patients from different backgrounds, careers, and those suffering from different healthcare conditions, which provided ministers in this field an opportunity to determine which sector of healthcare chaplaincy they were interested in working. For instance, chaplains who were comfortable working with children or the elderly would get the opportunity to select healthcare facilities that offered services to these groups of patients. In military or workplace chaplaincy, the chaplains would be limited to working with people within the specific profession. Other strengths included continuity of care and the ability to work in different settings. He noticed that he was able to conduct follow-ups on the patients he interacted with, which ensured that they received proper spiritual guidance throughout their recovery process. This was an advantage over military or workplace chaplaincy, where the individuals might be deployed for jobs that needed to be performed in a different town or country.
Some of the weaknesses that he related to this chaplaincy were based on the risks of infections that could be transmitted from patients, other healthcare providers, or surfaces in the hospitals. Individuals working as workplace or college chaplains have a lower likelihood of facing these risks. Another risk was based on challenges related to dealing with patients from different religious backgrounds and the inability of healthcare facilities to offer their patients a wide range of chaplains from different religious groups. Rev. Hobson also stated that while he was working as a volunteer before being employed as a part-time chaplain, the lack of income offered to volunteers was also an additional challenge. He stated that he survived on his retirement benefits and the income obtained from other investments that he had made earlier in life.
Greatest Challenges
When questioned about the challenges he faced in his profession, Rev. Hobson stated that due to the high number of patients admitted, he sometimes failed to offer his patients extensive guidance or counseling. Rev. Hobson explained that in some cases, he had to allocate limited time to some of the patients with severe conditions to ensure that he could cater to all the patients who needed his services at the hospital. He also stated that, since chaplaincy was not a source of income for healthcare facilities, it did not receive as much attention as other caregiving professions. Despite these challenges, he has continued offering his services at the hospital to as many patients as possible. Although he currently works on a part-time basis and has a steady income, he is still concerned about the well-being of young chaplains who have not been in the profession or a long time as they might be discouraged by the lack of income offered for voluntary services or internships.
Threats, Concerns, and Challenges for Evangelical Chaplains
Some of the threats, concerns, and challenges that Rev. Hobson pointed out, which could affect other chaplains working in this ministry include the difficulty of transitioning from a different form of chaplaincy or church ministry to healthcare chaplaincy, difficulties dealing with people from different religious groups or those who did not believe in spirituality. Rev. Hobson state that healthcare chaplaincy involved providing assurance to patients and helping patients meet their spiritual needs during care. He also stated that trying to change a person’s belief or influence them using ones’ belief was considered a breach of the patients’ rights. He emphasized that the role of healthcare chaplains was providing spiritual support and not evangelism. His arguments aligned with those provided by other healthcare chaplain researchers. In most healthcare facilities, healthcare professionals are usually requested to respect the cultural, preferences, religious beliefs, and values of their patients[15]. (Johnson, Dodd-McCue and McDaniel)
Effectiveness of Ministry Efforts and Effect of Chaplaincy on Personal and Family Life
Spiritual health is as important as physical or emotional health, which explains the role of incorporating healthcare chaplaincy in holistic care provision[16]. According to Rev. Hobson, he measured his work’s effectiveness based on the changes that he observed in his patients, behavioral transformations, the reduction of anxiety or depressive symptoms, and the feedback he got from his patients. He also perceived his work as being effective in promoting patients’ overall health by assuring them that their spiritual beliefs promote their healing. When questioned about the effects of his chaplaincy on his personal and family life, Rev. Hobson stated that unlike military chaplaincy, which required people to work in different locations and away from their family members, working as a healthcare chaplain allowed him to dedicate quality time to both his work and family. He stated that the key thing in promoting balance was creating a proper time plan. Before beginning his part-time job, he used to work during the day and spend the evenings with his family.
Healthcare chaplaincy offers people the opportunity to work with patients dealing with various health issues and offering them spiritual support. Although there is limited research on the role of spiritual care provision in healthcare, healthcare chaplaincy has proven useful in promoting patients’ well-being. The interview was insightful in understanding the roles played by healthcare chaplains, the preparation needed to excel in this profession, and potential challenges associated with this type of chaplaincy.
Johnson, Emily, Diane Dodd-McCue, and Jennifer McDaniel. “Mapping the literature of health care chaplaincy.” Journal of the Medical Library Association (2013): 101(3), 199-204. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738080/#!po=1.51515.
Liefbroer, Anke I., et al. “Interfaith Spiritual Care: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Religion and Health (2017): 56: 1776-1793.
Linda, Loma. Career Profiles-Chaplain. 18 October 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrCditxjyTA&feature=youtu.be.
Paget, Naomi K. and Janet R. McCormack. The Work of the Chaplain. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 2006.
Appendix B
Book Review: Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century
By
Christopher Swift
Introduction
Hospital or healthcare chaplains work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals in meeting the spiritual needs of patients. While working in healthcare settings, hospital chaplains adopt the language, assessment practices, and techniques of communicating with patients that are used by other healthcare providers. They also demonstrate their value by advocating for holistic care and patient-centered treatment techniques. This review is based on the book, “Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century,” which was written by Christopher Swift. The position of religion in people’s lives continues to face numerous debates regarding the differences between spirituality and religion, adherence to concepts from specific religions, and the existence of people who do not believe in any religion. In his book, Swift examines the roles of hospital chaplains and the debates surrounding their work. The increased use of chaplains in healthcare settings has promote the quality of care offered to patients by improving access to spiritual support.
Summary
Swift based his book on his Ph.D. research, which focused on the challenges faced by hospital chaplains, the future of the profession, and whether it would be advanced to be a fully-fledged caregiving profession or whether its practices will continue being an extension of services offered by churches to their communities. He begins his book by giving readers a detailed explanation of the history of hospital chaplaincy and traces back the history of this profession back to the Middle Ages, where hospitals were set up like monasteries, and hospital chaplains focused on the soul of the patients. During the Reformation Period, people started treating hospitals as part of the society, and hospital chaplains were given fewer roles in care provision as the focus on health moved to physical sickness and public morality[17].
He follows his description of the Reformation Period, with an explanation of a time when hospital chaplains played the role of offering patients sacraments and teaching them about Christian values that would act as guidelines for their lives. Later on, hospital chaplains began taking up the roles of supporting patients and providing them with spiritual counseling. He argues on the importance of hospital chaplains based on the developments seen in scientific studies. He then investigates the current social, religious, and political issues affecting hospital chaplaincy. He uses this information to show how the roles of chaplains have changed over the years. Swift also explores issues such as the lack of adequate funding and the increasing differentiation between the church and healthcare as potential issues affecting this profession. He raises a question on the role chaplains have played in promoting their downfall by addressing the connection between chaplaincy and religion and the role of hospital staff. The author challenges people to acknowledge the traditional roles played by chaplains and views hospital chaplains from a theological perspective.
Critique
Swift’s book seen to target an audience comprising of people who are interested in theology or chaplaincy. While he addresses the changes that have taken place over the years in the healthcare field, his focus is based on the effects of factors such as politics, socio-economic, and religion in influencing the changes seen in hospital chaplaincy. The author provides a detailed introduction that explains the relevance of chaplaincy, the book’s structure, and expected outcomes. Although his introduction is long and takes up the first eight pages of the book, it lays a foundation in chaplaincy for readers and enables them to understand Swift’s arguments regarding the changes that have taken place over the years[18]. While most authors provide a brief introduction at the start of their work, Swift ensures that his readers understand his standpoint and the purpose of his work through his extensive introductory section.
When considering the organization of his book, Swift has utilized a chronological approach in narrating the history of chaplaincy. He begins his first chapter by explaining the foundation and history of chaplaincy. Swift begins by exposing his readers to the chaplaincy practices seen during the Middle Age period. This ensures that his readers can connect modern chaplaincy practices with their origins[19]. He organized the rest of the book based on the evolution of chaplaincy and its evolution, which have promoted the transformation of hospital chaplaincy. He presented his content in eight elaborate chapters with each chapter containing a brief introduction that explains the content discussed in the section. These introductions act as transitions between the previous and next chapters and help readers connect the information presented in different parts of the book[20].
In terms of the book’s relevance, Swift manages to shed light on the role of chaplaincy in healthcare settings. The relevance of his work can also be seen in his focus on the challenges affecting hospital chaplaincy, which could help researchers and chaplains create strategies that could promote the provision of better chaplaincy services. Individuals interested in chaplains can also use the book to understand who healthcare chaplains are, their roles. His book also assists leaders to understand the theological engagement and purpose of chaplains in promoting the health of patients[21]. He makes a clear point in his explanation of the transformation of chaplaincy from the traditional technique used by stating that, “It is worth noting on whether this categorization of patients in some way mirrored other developments taking place in European patient care”[22]. His statement explains the influence of European culture in the modern ways used by chaplains and other healthcare practitioners to group patients.
In his explanation of the transformation of chaplaincy, Swift addresses the role of the National Health Service (NHS). He states that “Perhaps the single most significant change brought about by the creation of the NHS was huge decline in the influence of the church in health provision”[23]. He supports his statement with arguments relating to the reluctance of the church to get involved in issues relating to patient care after the creation of the NHS. According to him, the development of a body that governed the quality of healthcare services offered to patients and addressed other factors such as ensuring that patients could access healthcare services robbed the church of its position in hospital chaplaincy, and reduced the church’s commitment in allocating funds to such projects. This explains how modern healthcare provision techniques eroded the roles of the church in chaplaincy.
The credibility of Swift’s book can be based on his use of an extensive list of resources that ranged from research articles to books and other publications written on hospital chaplaincy. He compares the information provided by different authors in his book to develop strong arguments and draws his conclusions from the works of past researchers. Additionally, Swift also provides citations of the works he has included in his book through a bibliography list. He also covered the specific page numbers of the books and research publications included in his book.
To sum up his ideologies, Swift ends his book with a conclusion that provides a summary of his perceptions regarding the transformation of hospital chaplaincy. Some of his strengths include how he presents his information, the use of supporting information from other sources, and the incorporation of his voice in the arguments. One of the weaknesses noted in his work is the lack of recommendations on steps that can be taken in improving hospital chaplaincy for future generations. While his work focuses on the state of hospital chaplaincy in the 21st century, incorporating these ideas in his work would have provided future chaplains with knowledge on approaches to take in improving their work. Publishing a recent edition with any additional information that researchers have obtained in applying hospital chaplaincy in healthcare as part of evidence-based practice and incorporating recommendations on approaches that can be used to improve chaplaincy would be a strategic way of improving the book.
Conclusion
Swift is a competent author. While his book was focused on the 21st century, he provides additional information regarding the foundation and origins of hospital chaplaincy, which enables his readers to connect the issues affecting modern chaplains with changes that have taken place over the years. His work reflects the evolution of hospital chaplaincy and showcases factors such as politics and religious differences, which have affected the provision of spiritual care in healthcare facilities. This review highlights the issues that he addressed in his book and their influence in chaplaincy. Swift establishes his position in supporting the continuity of hospital chaplaincy. I will apply the concepts drawn from Swift’s work in understanding my ministry and ensuring that I work collaboratively with other chaplains and healthcare providers in offering patients quality services. I will also use the information obtained from the book to try to push for positive changes such as encouraging more ministers to work as hospital chaplains.
Bibliography
Christopher Swift, “Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century: The Crisis of Spiritual Care on the NHS.” (Routledge: New York, NY. 2016)
[1]Naomi K. Paget and Janet R. McCormack, “The Work of the Chaplain,” (Valley Forge, PA, Judson Press, 2006), 47.
[2]MadinehJasemi, Leila Valizadeh, Brian Keogh, “A Concept Analysis of Holistic Care by Hybrid Model.” Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 23, no. 1, (2017): 71-78.
[3]Loma Linda, “Career Profiles-Chaplain” October 18, 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrCditxjyTA&feature=youtu.be
[4]Christopher Swift, Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century: The Crisis of Spiritual Care on the NHS (Routledge: New York, 2016), 9-10
[5] Ibid., Christopher Swift, 9-10
[6]Ibid., MadinehJasemi, 73-74
[7]Anke I. Liefbroer, Erik Olsman, R. RuardGanzevoort, Faridi S. van Etten-Jamaludin, “Interfaith Spiritual Care: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Religion and Health, 56, (2017): 1776-1793.
[8]Ibid., Christopher Swift, 139
[9] Diana L. Swihart, Romaine L. Martin, “Cultural Religious Competence In Clinical Practice,” StatPearls. May 29, 2019, Retrieved February 16, 2020.
[10] Emily Johnson, Diane Dodd-McCue, Jennifer McDaniel, “Mapping the Literature of Health Care Chaplaincy,” Journal of the Medical Library Association. 101, no. 3 (2013): 199-204
[11]Akpenpuun Joyce Rumun, “Influence of Religious Beliefs on Healthcare Practice,” International Journal of Education and Research, 2, no. 4, (2014): 37-48.
[12]Ibid., Christopher Swift, 51
[13]Naomi K. Paget and Janet R. McCormack, “The Work of the Chaplain,” (Valley Forge, PA, Judson Press, 2006), 47.
[14] Loma Linda, “Career Profiles-Chaplain” October 18, 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrCditxjyTA&feature=youtu.be
[15] Emily Johnson, Diane Dodd-McCue, Jennifer McDaniel, “Mapping the Literature of Health Care Chaplaincy,” Journal of the Medical Library Association. 101, no. 3 (2013): 199-204
[16]Anke I. Liefbroer, Erik Olsman, R. RuardGanzevoort, Faridi S. van Etten-Jamaludin, “Interfaith Spiritual Care: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Religion and Health, 56, (2017): 1776-1793.
[17] Christopher Swift, Hospital Chaplaincy in the Twenty-First Century: The Crisis of Spiritual Care on the NHS (Routledge: New York, 2016).
[18] Ibid., 1-8
[19] Ibid., 9-10
[20] Ibid., 29, 57, 101, and 131
[21] Ibid., 155
[22] Ibid., 15
[23] Ibid., 51
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What discipline/subjects do you deal in?
We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.
Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?
Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.
What if I don’t like the paper?
There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.
Reasons being:
- When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
- We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.
In the event that you don’t like your paper:
- The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
- We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
- Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.
Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?
Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.
What if the paper is plagiarized?
We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.
When will I get my paper?
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
Will anyone find out that I used your services?
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
How our Assignment Help Service Works
1. Place an order
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
2. Pay for the order
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
3. Track the progress
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
4. Download the paper
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
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