English Civil War involving King Charles

English Civil War

The English Civil War that was fought between 1642 and 1651 involving King Charles I, who was battling the Parliament to gain control over the English government, laid the groundwork for the modernized monarchy and Parliament of the United Kingdom. It began due to the ongoing conflict regarding the power of Parliament rights as well as the monarchy. Aside from the political consequences of the war, it posed a great impact on military development as well as the economic aspects of the nations involved. It was during the war that Cromwell established an advanced army; thus, improving the strength capabilities of the English army. Even though the English Civil War had an adverse impact on the people living in the surrounding such as innocent deaths caught in the middle and displacement, I support King Charles I for triggering the war as it shaped the United Kingdom in terms of economic aspects as well as it laid the groundwork for modernized monarchy and Parliament.

King Charles 1 reign started facing challenges in the 16^th century. During 1550, the food prices in England began to doubling from the initial 1500. It cost increased to 1590 and eventually reached 1640 (Bennett, 438). The rise was significantly contributed by the importation of silver from the South as well as Central America through Spain to other countries within the United Kingdom. The increase in price resulted in inflation of prices in all parts of Europe with the inclusion of England. Additionally, the population increase was another factor that led to increased inflation and demand. This aspect mostly affected low-class individuals. Queen Elizabeth, I did not have a choice but to sell her properties amounting to £900,000 to pay the personal debt. The entire process of selling made the monarchy vulnerable to public scrutiny. Moreover, it left most of the people doubting the divine right, prestige, and power of the monarch. King James, having died in 1625, Charles (his son) took over the throne (Morrill, 729). However, Charles did not have any political experience but royal blood that could claim divine right. Charles favored church ceremonies in England as he was religious. The Parliament feared the dominance of Puritan of Charles. They feared that Charles could lead most of his followers into becoming Roman Catholics and that he could try enforcing Catholicism to become the national religion. Their concerns, however, were justified by actions undertaken by Charles while in Scotland of attempting to unite nations that he ruled. The Anglicans were substituted for Presbyterian in Scotland, and it worked. The act was not taken well by the large population of Presbyterians that ended up revolting in 1938(Bennett, 438). The conflict was the primary cause of the war. Both were considered to be failures as well as the English soldiers retreated in 1640 in large numbers. The primary reason was to dry up funds for supporting the fight.

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Desperate attempts of increasing current taxes that were enforced to the public, the Parliament was gathered together by Charles, which he initially vowed to never call after dissolving three times. At this point, the majority of the Parliament decided to oppose the taxa rule to be imposed by King Charles (Prior, 28). He recently had implemented ship money as an additional tax. The tax was purposely meant for maintenance as wells as building Royal Navy. Parliament saw it as a way of increasing the power of the monarch, which they stood against; they ended up passing laws via the legislation that, in the end, called for beheading one advisor of Charles (the earl of Strattford). Also, they passed a bill that abolished taxes in all aspects without the Parliament’s consent. Moreover, there was the abolishment of Royal courts that were viewed to be supporting “abuse of power” by the King. As a way of preventing immediate rebellion, they signed the bill to become laws. In doing so, the King had limited powers for the attempt of appeasement. His ruling became peaceful until 1641, where rumors began spreading across England that the citizens of the Irish had started rebelling the English rule.

The specifics of the rumors

However, the specifics of the rumors varied as some claimed that a large number of English children and women were killed by the Irish mobs, whereas it was only fewer people that were killed. The Parliament stated clearly that the killings were sanctioned by the ruling King, who was Charles(Bennett, 438). While the case was still ongoing, one parliament member decided to present the Parliament with a bill proposing further power restrictions of the monarch, such as nominating the advisors of the King by the Parliament. The bill was voted and passed. In response, Charles decided to arrest five parliament members. The arrest also included the bill composer. The King also traveled to a meeting of the Parliament but realizedthat the people he was going to arrest had fled. The Parliament and King had an escalated conflict that reached the breaking point resulting in eminent Civil war.

In the war, the supports of the Parliament were referred to as parliamentarians, while those of King Charles were the Royalists. However, most of the influential lord’s sides with King. They had undisputable skills, including trained to fight while on a horse and to ride the horses; thus, the Royalists had an added advantage (Morrill, 739). After a long fight, the Royalists decided to surrender after seeing most of their people being executed. The parliament members then drafted a remonstrance that called for many reforms within the constitution as well as placing King Charles on trial. As per the parliamentary decision, the King had to be sentenced to die through execution. In 1649, the King was beheaded.

After the death of Charles, the Parliament decided to restructure its governance by forming England Commonwealth. This Commonwealth incurred foreign invasion by the Irish citizens, but they were defeated. Cromwell (Commonwealth Lord-General) later on became disappointed by the Parliament’s actions as it failed to support social and political reforms, and instead, most of the members became determined to maintain as well as expand individual properties(Morrill, 736). He decided to disband the Parliament and ruled England solely.

In his ruling, Crowell passed most of the reforms that the Parliament had refused to pas of ruling peacefully. It was in his reign that England experienced no militaristically or politically, conflict in the government(Prior, 28). Additionally, there were reforms in the court system, including the prohibitionof the death penalty when a person commits insignificant crimes, as well as there, were improvements in the efficiency in the court system. During his reign, he was presented an offer of becoming the next monarch of England, which he accepted. After the acceptance, the power which was initially owned by the Parliament completely shifted with the reintroduction of the monarch in England, something of which Charles was advocating for. Moreover, it was until the England Civil war that the powers were distributed equally in England.

In as much as the English Civil War claimed the lives of innocent civilians, including approximately 200,000, the war marked changes in the economic aspect of the nations involved as well as the governance and political structure. Initially, the Parliament used to pass any bill that could support themselves and feared the power from being taken from them(Bennett, 439). However, despite King Charles 1 not being a politician, he was determined to fight for the course of his people from being suppressed. Charles was the one to be blamed for starting the Civil War; however, it was through the war that peace prevailed as he was the only person stood against the Parliament in various ways including; marrying French Catholic whichwas prohibited by the Parliament as well as reviewing old taxes and laws that did not favor the citizens. Even though he was executed, England became a free state where citizens had their rights once again.

In conclusion, the English Civil War that lasted between 1642 and 1651 marked changes in terms of economic aspects as well as the laid groundwork for modernized monarchy and Parliament. Initially, the Parliament of England used to suppress people through enacting laws that restricted most aspects of their lives as well as deteriorated the economy in their favor. King Charles 1 decided to stand against them in every aspect, including the old laws they had passed. Even though he was beheaded for standing against the Parliament and advocating for civil rights, his triggering if the Civil War, besides killing innocent civilians, it created a different England that was peaceful and reforms that favored all people.

Works Cited

Bennett, M. “The English Civil War.” The English Historical Review, CXXV, no. 513, 2010, pp. 438-439. Oxford University Press (OUP), doi:10.1093/ehr/ceq023.

Morrill, John. “The English Revolution As A Civil War.” Historical Research, vol 90, no. 250, 2017, pp. 726-741. Oxford University Press (OUP), doi:10.1111/1468-2281.12200.

Prior, Charles W. A. “Religion, Political Thought, And The English Civil War.” History Compass, vol 11, no. 1, 2013, pp. 24-42. Wiley, doi:10.1111/hic3.12025.

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English Civil War involving King Charles