Archaeology
Archaeology is the scientific study that deals with the human past. In this field, it involves varied processes of excavation and a myriad of research techniques (Schiffer, 2016). In any archaeological endeavor, there is a stepwise process with a semblance of a scientific experiment. The original content of this write up will be to document an archaeological process and the possible results from the pursuit. The site that was used to avail results in this report was a nearby playground.
Firstly, some considerations are made before settling for a place as an archaeological site. In this process, to know where to dig is a paramount process since it determines the results of the search and the findings. Finding an archaeological site can be successful through the use of census, maps, tax, deeds as well as other available records. Other sites are found by chance when homeowners come across a particular artifact. Some of these artifacts can in abandoned building foundations or privies and wells located at backyards and basements. The other sites, like the one involved in this report, will be through a field survey aimed at collecting necessary archaeological processes.
In this site of the nearby playground, the first process of searching for artifacts will be to survey the chosen location. The method of surveying can be done either through direct visual or through remote sensing techniques. Remote sensing is usually non-invasive compared to others. The other ways that will be imperative in this activity will be through the use of aerial photography, using a hot aired balloon or application of drones that are controlled using a remote. LIDAR is another excellent way that could be applied. It is a penetrating radar that can be utilized to dig out the underground (Watts, 2020).
The process of excavation is a crucial first stage in the pursuit of artifacts. Excavation is usually done by setting a grid up and then connecting by a central datum. A datum is the reference point that is used during this process. Several test pits are then dug up. It is these pits that will determine the location, the spread, and the density of the artifacts. After the test pits, the site is then excavated using shovels, spades, and various other tools. Any object that is found is then carefully cleaned, and their precise place of location is marked. This careful noting and handling the artifacts are inherent for efficient mapping of the objects present in the site of study. Additionally, the dirt removed when cleaning the artifacts is carefully cleaned to beautiful other related small artifacts that could be missed during the previous excavation.
Further, while in this site, a feature will also be one of the essential targets. A feature is defined as a human activity that is immovable and has a vertical component as its characteristic. Notably, any aspect that is only horizontal like a road is not a feature. An example of a feature is a frequently used fire ring that will leave behind evidence in the soil which cannot be moved by the occupants.
After excavating the site to completion of the planned extent, the pits dug are then filled, and the collected artifacts were taken for analysis. These collected artifacts can either be taken to an archaeological institution or a lab. The process of review and classification is mostly dependent on the research questions. Further, in the case of semblance of artifacts, they are grouped based on their function, style, or characteristics. Dating the objects is also a process in the analysis stage (Watts, 2020). Stratigraphy will be majorly used to approximate the age of an artifact. According to stratigraphy, the older objects are usually located below the newer artifacts.
Additionally, dendrochronology can be used to date artifacts. In this case, the annual growth of trees is used to determine the age of an artifact. The other advanced stages will involve radiocarbon dating to find how old an object is. Carbon dating is usually applicable for artifacts that are more are considered to be very old (Watts, 2020). Using the information from an analysis of artifacts, it is possible to piece up together the culture and events of the society that was in place.
The process of excavation makes a small percentage of the archaeological process. Finding and analyzing artifacts is the most cumbersome part of the process. It is estimated than one hour of digging results to more than twenty hours of analysis and study in urban archaeology. Some of the artifacts drown from the nearby site include glass, ceramics, some construction materials such as nails and window glass and other miscellaneous artifacts like pipes, buttons, and toys. Additionally, there are different organic artifacts such as clothing and leather and others such as seeds, shells, and bones. Objects with the same provenience are placed together to be studied jointly (Schiffer, 2015). Cross-mending the glass and ceramics will be necessary for the reasons for photography and finding the original shapes of the objects.
After the collection, cleaning, and analyzing, the final process is the reporting of results. There is no point in digging all these artifacts with no aim of finding what they mean. In this excavation of a nearby field, the significant components derived from the research will majorly explain the development of an estate or a city in general.
Archelogy has many attackers and enemies as well that act as robust enemies. There are varied attackers of the collected artifacts. Most of these destroyers are invisible such as wind and earthquakes and other microscopic organisms such as the bacteria. Additionally, others are human beings, the looters and vandals whose aim is to destroy the collected artifacts. The whole process of digging can be cumbersome and tiresome (Aldred and Palsson, 2017). Additionally, the tools used to excavate and analyze artifacts are more expensive and require resources for their acquisition and maintenance. Further, the whole process of recovering history might take time to come up with a single conclusion. Some sites selected for excavating artifacts can be dangerous or troublesome to access and excavate. Additionally, the process of assembling and dividing the collected artifacts can be challenging and time-consuming.
Generally, many important details can be fetched from history. These past details can be used to explain a trend or a change and warn on things and activities. Additionally, the archaeological process can be an essential avenue of illustrating the present problems and predict a future based on the past similar events in a community or a society.
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