Discussion 1
I believe that the dimensional approach to abnormality is the best for classifying personality disorders because this approach looks at the extent to that which an individual has a personality disorder as well as the nature of the problem (Narrow & Kuhl, 2011). On the other hand, the categorical approach emphasizes on grouping people into different categories based on their diagnoses. I support the dimensional approach because personality disorders are a manifestation of extreme normal human behavior. Several examples of extreme normal behaviors are avoidant personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, where an individual can be very shy and be afraid of how other people judge them in a social situation and the excessive need to check something or do anything, respectively. The categorical approach puts labels on the different personality disorders instead of focusing on the disorder itself. It is for these reasons that I support the dimensional approach.
References
Narrow, W. E., & Kuhl, E. A. (2011). Dimensional approaches to psychiatric diagnosis in DSM-5. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics.
Response to Student 1
In spite of the categorical approach being of great help to diagnosticians by allowing them to diagnose the various personality disorders in different people based on the wide range of personality patterns, the dimensional approach is best suited to classify personality disorders because it is able to analyze the nature and extent of the personality disorder diagnosed. However, I agree that the categorical approach would be able to provide for an easier clinical way of communication based on the categories and subcategories created. I also believe that it is the dimensional approach is very critical in the determination of treatment and other forms of intervention.
Response to student 2
I also think that the dimensional approach is better than the categorical approach when it comes to classifying personality disorders. Based on the fact that different people exhibit different characteristics when suffering from different personality disorders, I think that a combination of both the dimensional and categorical approach would yield better results. The clinicians would be able to access a larger database of ranged signs and symptoms as well as be able to effectively come up with diagnoses as well as formulate treatment plans for their patients.
Discussion 2
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder affecting behavioral and communication patterns. The term “spectrum” implies that there is a wide range of signs and symptoms, as well as the severity of the symptoms. Based on how complex Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is, there is a single proven cause of the disorder (Ornoy, Weinstein-Fudim & Ergaz, 2015). However, there are two factors that have been known to play a role in how the disorder occurs, genetics and environmental factors. Environmental factors such as pollutants in the air and viral infections have been known to act as a trigger for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD can also be associated with genetic disorders such as Rett syndrome. Some of the symptoms are inconsistent eye contact, extremely poor conversational capabilities, as well as repetitive behavior. There has been no breakthrough in finding a cure for the disorder. However, early treatment can have a huge impact on the life of the patient.
References
Ornoy, A., Weinstein-Fudim, L., & Ergaz, Z. (2015). Prenatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reproductive toxicology, 56, 155-169.
Response to Student 1
I also chose Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for my study. Despite the disorder not having any known single cause, there are several risk factors such as family history. If a family has a child with autism, then there is an increased chance that they might get another child with ASD. Also, preterm babies carry a greater risk of ASD. The sex of the child is also a risk factor where boys are four times more likely to develop ASD than girls. The debate, whether there is a relationship between childhood vaccines and ASD, should be done away with because research has shown that there is no relationship between the two (Goldstein & Ozonoff, 2018).
References
Goldstein, S., & Ozonoff, S. (Eds.). (2018). Assessment of autism spectrum disorder. Guilford Publications.
Response to student 2
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic disorder characterized by the inability to focus, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. There is no single definite cause of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but there are several risk factors that lead to the development of the disorder, such as genetic factors, pollutants in the air, prematurity of babies, and even prenatal exposure to drugs such as nicotine. This disorder has no definite cure, but the patient’s health situation can be improved by undergoing several treatments to manage the symptoms. The treatment could be in the form of medication (Antihypertensive drugs), therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy), or even visiting psychiatrists (Goldstein & Ozonoff, 2018).
References
Goldstein, S., & Ozonoff, S. (Eds.). (2018). Assessment of autism spectrum disorder. Guilford Publications.
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